E  CLUBWOMANS 

HANDYBOOK;,«ii, 


lilBiiSiilfli/i.^^  il 


AND  CLUB 
MANAGEMENT 


COMPILED  BY 

KATE  LOUISE  ROBERTS 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2007  with  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/clubwomanshandybOOroberich 


THE  CLUB  WOMAN'S 

HANDYBOOK  OF  PROGRAMS 

AND   CLUB   MANAGEMENT 


The  Club  Woman's 

Handybook  of  Programs 

and  Club  Management 


COMPILED   BY 

KATE  LOUISE   ROBERTS 

For  many  years  in  charge  of  Club  Work  in  the  Free  Public  Library, 
Newark,  New  Jersey. 


NEW  YORK  AND   LONDON 

FUNK  &  WAGNALLS   COMPANY 

1914 


HO  \f 


Copyright,  1914,  by 

FUNK  &  WAGNALLS  COMPANY 

(Printed  in  the  United  States  of  America) 

Published  April,  19 14 


DEDICATION 

^0  3fo^n  Cotton  Bana: 

Whose  liberal  library  policy  has  smoothed  the 
path  of  the  clubwomen. 

dTo  tfje  ClutitDomen  of  j^ett)  3txiitp: 

To  whom  these  programs  owe  their  existence. 

^0  tte  Clubtoomen  of  iSmerica: 

Whose  good  work  promotes  happiness,  wholesome 
living  and  broad  thinking  throughout  the  land. 


9!S^Q^^ 


PREFACE 

{To  be  read  at  least  once  in  each  club) 

The  reason  that  club  women  take  them- 
selves so  seriously  is  due  possibly  to  the  fact 
that  on  the  threshold  of  our  consciousness 
there  lies  a  sense  of  the  tremendous  power 
that  may  come  through  club  organizations, 
both  to  the  women  themselves  and  to  the 
public.  Men  organize  clubs  in  a  matter-of- 
fact  way,  simply  because  they  want  clubs 
for  some  definite  purpose,  usually  social  or 
political,  or  for  study  of  some  special  sub- 
ject. But  women  take  the  matter  differ- 
ently. They  form  and  join  clubs  because 
they  seek  and  there  get  social  contact  with 
bright  and  energetic  women  who  know  and 
do  things.  This  is  a  good  and  sufficient 
reason,  even  for  habitual  drones.  It  results 
in  relief  from  housekeeping,  from  disciplin- 
ing servants  and  children  and  from  the 
narrow  mental  life  which  is  the  routine, 
everyday  experience  of  the  average  woman. 
The  social  side  of  club  life  is  to  be  highly 
commended  and  distinctly  urged  as  de- 
sirable. 


8  PREFACE 

Why  do  dubs  of  women  laboriously  com- 
pile programs  covering  many  fields  of  knowl- 
edge? There  seem  to  be  three  good  an- 
swers. First,  to  make  up  for  arrears  in 
culture  and  education;  second,  to  keep 
abreast  of  the  times;  third,  to  accomplish 
practical  reforms  or  help  forward  the  world's 
work.  The  third  purpose  comes  nearest 
fulfilment,  because,  even  in  the  most  super- 
ficial attempts  at  work,  there  is  at  least  an 
interest  stimulated  or  a  sentiment  aroused 
on  public  questions.  This  leads  women  to 
read  the  papers  and  magazines  more  freely 
and  intelligently  than  before.  Thus  they 
become  more  ready  for  action  when  the  time 
is  ripe. 

The  second  purpose  also  is  easy  of  accom- 
plishment. Even  light  skimming  over  the 
top  of  the  times  awakens  interest  if  nothing 
more  and  may  lead  to  deeper  study  on  oc- 
casion because  the  germ  of  the  idea  is 
planted. 

The  first  purpose  is  rarely  ever  accom- 
plished in  the  average  club.  Culture  is 
something  deeper  and  more  pervading  than 
a  mere  knowledge  of  facts  gleaned  from  the 
encyclopedic  papers  of  other  women,  or 
from  the  occasional  addresses  of  experts  on 
the  subjects.  Again,  there  is  little  addition 
made  to  one's  stock  of  knowledge  or  infor- 


PREFACE  9 

mation  save  when  all  the  club  members 
study  the  same  subject,  or  at  least  when  all 
read  something  on  that  topic.  As  a  rule, 
no  one  studies  or  reads  save  those  who  de- 
liver the  papers.  And  then,  too,  the  papers 
themselves  bear  witness  that  in  general  our 
ideals  of  culture  and  intelligence  relate  to 
things  in  the  past,  or  far  from  home. 

All  over  the  country  are  clubs  which 
have  accomplished  some  of  the  above  named 
purposes  splendidly.  Some  towns  owe 
every  thing  of  civic  beauty  and  cleanliness 
to  the  organized  women  among  them. 
Schools,  prisons,  hospitals,  pure  water  and 
clean  streets,  stand  as  tributes  to  women's 
work.  This  proves  that  the  chief  object  of 
an  organization  like  a  woman's  club  should 
be,  not  meetings,  but  work  between  meet- 
ings. For  this  work  meetings  serve  as  in- 
structors and  guides.  They  roimd  out  peri- 
ods of  labor  and  start  fresh  labors. 

Every  organization  like  a  woman's  club 
should  have  on  hand  other  things  than  a 
sheaf  of  mediocre  compilations  with  which 
members  seek  to  enlighten  each  other. 
Women  are  responsible  units  in  society. 
They  find  time  to  visit  and  talk  and  they 
should  find  time  for  original  work — in- 
vestigation, studies,  etc.,  etc. — ^and  time  at 
least  to  guide  that  work.    Thus  they  might 


lo  PREFACE 

bring  forth  good  results  in  the  way  of  facts, 
— ^historical,  social  and  scientific. 

Club  women  should  see  that  their  local 
libraries  do  better  work  for  the  community. 
They  should  work  for  a  higher  literary  ideal 
in  the  town.  They  should  encourage  clubs 
and  club  members  to  work  in.  connection 
with  schools,  libraries,  churches  and  homes, 
for  the  dissemination  of  better  juvenile 
literature.  They  should  personally  inspect 
the  news-stands  and  book  shops  for  harmful 
literature  and  insist  on  higher  ideals  in  the 
daily  press  of  their  towns.  Book  reviewing 
should  be  encouraged.  Reviews  might  be 
published  in  local  papers  under  the  auspices 
of  the  club. 

Every  woman  who  enlarges  her  field  of 
knowledge,  who  acquires  information  and 
trains  her  taste  and  judgment,  contributes 
to  the  general  tone  of  the  community.  In 
many  places  the  woman's  club  is  the  intel- 
lectual center  for  the  lectures,  reading,  art 
and  music  of  the  place.  But  it  must  be 
admitted  that  the  mass  of  club  work  is 
poorly  done.  It  does  not  accomplish  the 
results  aimed  at.  There  is  waste  of  time 
and  energy  in  the  pursuit  of  reform,  cul- 
ture and  learning,  mainly  because  of  poorly 
developed  programs.  Women  are  faced 
with  an  appalling  list  of  topics  and  subjects 


PREFACE  II 

too  big  for  the  time  allotted  to  them. 
There  is  an  effort  to  cover  too  much  ground 
at  once.  Subjects  unrelated  are  brought 
together  in  the  same  session,  thus  distract- 
ing the  sympathies  and  disturbing  the  men- 
tal currents  toward  a  solution  of  the  ques- 
tions discussed.  Generally  members  do  not 
know  definitely  what  they  wish  to  study 
or  how  to  study. 

The  General  Federation  of  Women's 
Clubs,  the  state  federations  and  the  separate 
clubs  have  a  hundred  activities  in  process, 
but  do  not  concentrate  on  one  at  the  same 
time  all  over  the  country,  so  as  to  bring 
that  one  to  an  accomplishment. 

In  general,  a  wise  recommendation  would 
be  to  get  acquainted  with  your  environment 
in  order  to  use  it  rationally  and  be  as  happy 
as  possible  in  it.  If  conditions  show  that  there 
is  something  wrong  with  you  or  your  neigh- 
bors and  your  environment,  study  these 
conditions  and  try  to  remedy  them,  either 
for  today  or  tomorrow.  If  you  find  that 
you  will  be  happier  in  studying  the  art,  liter- 
ature or  history  of  past  times  and  distant 
lands,  then  have  some  definite  line  of  study 
planned  by  an  expert,  read  much  and  meet 
with  others  to  talk  it  over.  But  do  not  be 
content  to  leave  your  Greek  sculpture  and 
architecture  in  Greece.    Bring  it  home  and 


12  PREFACE 

make  something  of  it  that  relates  to  the 
here  and  the  now.  Take  fewer  subjects,  or, 
treat  a  ntimber  of  subjects  broadly  and 
simply,  aiming  at  a  central  idea  in  the  group- 
ing of  them.  Also  make  the  arrangement 
logical.  Keep  ample  time  for  discussion. 
Give  many  members  a  little  task  to  be  well 
done  instead  of  letting  a  few  do  most  of  the 
work.  This  forces  more  people  to  take  an 
active  interest  in  the  topic.  Encourage 
speaking  rather  than  reading  of  papers. 
Stimulate  thinking  and  an  interest  in  mat- 
ters of  moment.  Then  your  club  will  have 
done  its  work  for  its  members. 

K.  L.  R. 


CONTENTS 

PAGE 

I  Suggested  Subjects 15 

II  Suggested  Outlines 20 

III  Programs 34 

American  Literature  ....     35 
America  and  the  Americans  .     .     44 

Building  Art 49 

Children's  Literature     ...     59 
The  City  We  Live  in   .      .      .      .64 

The  Drama 66 

Efficiency,    Conservation    and 

Waste 69 

Greek  Drama 80 

The  Kitchen:  Food  and  its  Prep- 
aration       83 

The  Modern  Novel     ....     86 

Modern  Thought 89 

The  Renaissance:  its  Geograph- 
ical Results 100 

School  Systems 103 

Sociology 107 

The  State  We  Live  IN       .      .      .113 
Training  THE  Hand      .     .  .115 

Woman    as    Housekeeper    and 

Home-maker   , 120 

Woman  at  Work 124 

13 


14  CONTENTS 


PAGE 


IV  How  TO  Form  a  Club 127 

V  Parliamentary  Definitions      .     .     .129 
VI  How  AND  Where  to  Get  Help  .     .     .171 
I.  The  Library;  2.  Books  and  Courses  of 
Study;  3.  Information  and  Material 
on  Special  Subjects;  4.  Information 
about  Clubs  and  Qub  Work. 
VII  Book  Lists  .........  181 

VIII  Index 185 


SUGGESTED  SUBJECTS 

Christmas  with  the  Poets. 
A  Study  of  the  Short  Story. 
Authors  of  Otir  Day  in  Their  Homes. 
American  Authors  and  their  Homes. 
The  Gothic  School  in  Literature. 
Modem  Philosophies  of  Life. 
Famous  Inns. 
Madonnas  in  Art. 
Pageants  and  Pageantry. 
Landscape  in  Art. 

Great  Portrait  Painters  and  their  Works. 
The  Christian  Reformers. 
The  Olympic  Games. 
The  History  of  the  Papacy. 
The  Making  and  Reading  of  Books. 
The  State  and  its  Artists. 
The  History  of  the  Novel. 
The  History  of  the  Drama. 
Food  Science. 

Shelter,  or  the  Evolution  of  the  House;  a 
Study  of  Domestic  Architecture. 
15 


i6  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

The  Evolution  of  the  Housekeeper,  or 
from  Housekeeper  to  Homemaker. 

The  Use  and  Abuse  of  Ornament. 

The  Women  of  the  American  Revolution. 

The  Growth  of  Democracy. 

Household  Art  and  Decoration. 

Household  Economics. 

Art  in  Daily  Life. 

The  City  We  Live  in.  How  and  Why 
We  are  Governed.  Who  Pays  the  Taxes, 
etc. 

Government  Studies.  To  be  Simply 
Planned  to  Show  the  Meaning  and  Func- 
tion of  Government. 

A  Study  of  the  Nations.  Leading  to  a 
Study  of  Races  in  our  Own  Cotmtry  (Im- 
migration). 

Shakespeare's  Women. 

The  Women  of  the  French  Courts. 

The  Great  Cardinals  and  their  Spheres  of 
Influence. 

The  Loves  of  the  Poets. 

The  Ladies  of  the  White  House. 

Great  Moral  Leaders. 

The  Sculptors  of  Old  and  their  Influence 
on  the  Present. 


SUGGESTED  SUBJECTS  17 

Italian  Life  in  Town  and  Country. 
Literature  of  Different  Countries. 
English  Literature. 
The  Revival  of  Irish  Literature. 
American  Art  and  Artists. 
How  to  Appreciate  Paintings. 
How  to  Appreciate  Architecture. 
How  to  Appreciate  Civic  Art. 
How  to  Appreciate  Music. 
How  to  Appreciate  Sculpture. 
Living    Rulers    of    Mankind    and    their 
Courts. 

Practical  Citizenship. 

The  Waterways  of  Travel  and  Commerce. 

Things  We  Can  Do  Without. 

French  and  Italian  Chateau  Life. 

Rural  England. 

The  Peasants  of  Europe. 

Conventionalities — Their  Use  and  Abuse. 

The  Roman  Empresses. 

The  Heroines  of  Modem  Progress. 

The  Humorists  of  Different  Coimtries. 

Essays  Everyone  Should  Read. 

Poems  Everyone  Should  Know. 

"New  Thought.'' 

Women  in  Industry. 


i8  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

The  History  of  Dress  (a  Costiime  Study). 

A  Study  of  the  Periodical  Press. 

City  Planning  and  the  City  Beautiful. 

The  Makers  of  Our  Nation. 

The  Making  of  Americans. 

Futurists,  Cubists  and  other  Essayists  in 
Art. 

Culture  and  Civilization. 

Imaginary  Obligations. 

The  Chateau  Country  of  France. 

The  Social  Evil. 

Eugenics. 

The  Delinquent. 

Twentieth  Century  Americans. 

Woman's  Enfranchisement. 

The  Peace  Movement. 

Prohibition. 

Modem  Advance  in  Medicine  and  Sur- 
gery. 

Municipal  Art. 

Country  Life  and  City  Life. 

Back  to  the  Cotmtry. 

Social  Service. 

Training  for  Motherhood. 

Education  for  Morality. 

Sex  Hygiene. 


SUGGESTED  SUBJECTS  19 

The  Art  of  Conversation. 

The  Celebrated  Wits. 

The  Montessori  Method. 

The  Education  and  Care  of  Defectives. 

Men  Who  Have  Made  the  Nation. 

Women  Who  Have  Helped  the  Nation. 

Current  Topics. 

The  Stage — Its  Rise  and  Development. 

Nature  in  Poetry. 

Nature  as  a  Teacher. 

American  Art. 

Furniture — ^A  Study  in  Styles. 

Shakespeare's  Country. 

Gardens  in  All  Ages  and  Countries. 

Touring  England  with  Dickens. 

Touring  England  with  Thackeray. 

Touring  Scotland  with  Scott. 

Kipling's  India. 

Our  Native  Birds. 

Our  National  Songs. 

How  to  Know  the  Wild  Flowers. 

Famous  Memoirs. 

Famous  Biographies. 

Great  National  Epics. 

Domestic  Engineering 

Feminism. 


n 

SUGGESTED  OUTLINES 

{For  hooks  on  these  topics  consult  part  VI. — 
*^  How  and  where  to  get  Help^^) 

Evolution  of  the  Home:  From  cave 
dwelling  to  the  modem  house,  including  the 
proper  place  of  ornament,  furniture  and 
costume.  Woman's  province  in  the  home. 
That  of  the  man.  Children  and  the  home. 
House-keeping.     Home-making. 

A  Study  of  Races:  Origins.  The  evolu- 
tion of  nations.  What  each  contributes  to 
the  world's  work.  Why  nations  fight. 
Peace  and  arbitration. 

Study  of  One's  Own  State:  Natives 
and  settlers.  Historic  people,  places  and 
events.  Resources,  activities  and  social 
conditions.  Movements  for  betterment. 
Civic  art  and  industry. 

America — ^A  Social  Study:  Geographic 
position  as  a  factor  in  our  development. 

20 


SUGGESTED  OUTLINES  21 

Settlers.  Inheritance  from  other  nations. 
In  what  relation  we  stand  to  other  races  at 
the  present  day.  Our  duty  to  ourselves  and 
to  other  races. 

Development  of  a  Child:  Stages  of 
growth  in  its  three  planes.  Adolescence  and 
children's  reading  at  this  period.  The  school 
curriculum.  Play  time.  Training  for  life  in 
the  world. 

Municipal  Art  and  Architecture:  Public 
buildings.  Their  adaptability  to  purpose. 
Responsibilities  of  architects.  Historic 
styles.  Modifications.  Grouping  and  plac- 
ing of  buildings.  Artistic  signs.  Public 
places. 

The  Crusades:  Marches  and  battle- 
groimds.  The  Danube  route.  The  Central 
land  route.  The  later  sea  route.  The  Holy 
Land.  State  of  the  population.  Christian 
peasantry.  Turkish  garrisons.  Equipment 
and  armament.  Method  of  attack  during 
the  wars.  Causes.  Conditions  east  and 
west.  Feudal  system.  Pilgrimages.  The 
Appeal  of  Alexius.  Peter  the  Hermit. 
Council  of  Clermont  (1095).  Pope  Urban. 
First,  Second  and  Third  Crusades.     Bar- 


2i  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

barossa.  Richard  I.  Saladin.  Fourth  Cru- 
sade. Children's  Crusade.  Later  crusades. 
The  century  of  the  crusades  (1096-1200), 
called  the  Watershed  of  medieval  history. 
Results  upon  Europe,  in  inter-commtmica- 
tion,  new  trade  routes  and  shipping. 
Military  education,  architecture,  the  sci- 
ences and  literature  receiving  an  impetus. 
Development  of  universities  and  the  growth 
of  towns.  Trace  the  unity  of  Christendom 
to  this  upheaval. 

The  Age  of  Elizabeth:  Life  and  manners 
in  court  and  society.  The  Queen;  her  lovers 
and  suitors.  Court,  courtiers  and  ministers. 
Amusements,  pageants,  sports  and  enter- 
tainments of  high  and  low  life.  Costume. 
Education.  Magic,  witchcraft  and  alchemy. 
Geographical  discoveries.  Travel.  Inns. 
Streets  and  highways.  Sanitary  conditions. 
The  condition  of  the  poor.  Housing.  The 
buccaneers,  adventurers  and  navigators. 
The  Invincible  Armada.  Shakespeare  and 
Spenser.  Contemporary  writers  in  England 
and  other  lands. 

European  Cities:  Social  and  artistic  sig- 
nificance. 


SUGGESTED   OUTLINES  23 

Ghent  and  Bruges:  Their  struggle  for 
pohtical,  industrial  and  religious  liberty. 
Their  wars,  trade,  weavers  and  tapestries. 
Arts  and  crafts.    Architecture. 

Rouen  and  Amiens:  Their  architecture 
and  city  streets.    Their  cathedrals. 

Lucerne  and  Geneva:  Scenery.  Reli- 
gious and  political  history. 

Venice  and  Florence:  Their  past  com- 
mercial grandeur,  architecture,  art  collec- 
tions and  charm. 

Nuremberg  and  Rothenberg:  Character- 
istic medieval  towns.  Defenses,  towers, 
moats  and  walls.  Architecture,  arts  and 
crafts,  learning. 

Old  Chester  and  Warwick:  Artistic  and 
social  significance.  Lovely  surroundings. 
Architecture  and  charm. 

National  Music :  The  songs  of  the  people. 
Norse  songs  and  dances  as  expressive  of 
the  race.  Follow  out  national  traits  in  Hun- 
garian dances  and  songs;  also  in  German, 
French  and  Italian  dances  and  songs.  The 
ballads  and  dances  of  England.  Indian  and 
negro  melodies  and  dances.  -The  rag-time 
and  street  songs  of  today. 


24  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

Moral  Leaders:  The  place  of  great  men. 
Their  expression  and  interpretation  of  the 
feelings  and  views  of  masses  of  men.  Bud- 
dha, Mohammed,  Socrates,  Marcus  Aure- 
lius.  Saint  Francis  of  Assisi,  Savonarola, 
Giordano  Bruno,  Erasmus,  Luther,  Sweden- 
borg,  Carlyle,  Emerson  and  Tolstoi. 

Medieval  Life:  Types  expressing  the 
character  of  the  period.  The  feudal  baron 
and  bis  tenants.  The  merchant  and  the 
townsman.  The  king  and  the  Emperor. 
The  pope,  the  monk,  the  crusader. 

English  Language:  Its  history.  Lan- 
guage in  general.  The  gift  of  speech.  Nat- 
ural methods  of  communication.  Organs  of 
speech.  Sounds.  Characteristics  of  the 
English  language.  Groups  of  languages  and 
literatures.  The  early  history  of  Great 
Britain.  The  Celtic.  Early  Latin  and  Scan- 
dinavian elements  in  English.  The  Norman- 
French  conquest  and  its  effects  on  speech. 
Dialect  studies.  From  Chaucer  to  Shakes- 
peare.   Modem  English.    Foreign  elements. 

Renaissance:  A  condition,  not  a  period. 
Preface  with  a  study  of  the  medieval  empire. 
Church  and  Empire.    The  papacy  and  the 


SUGGESTED  OUTLINES  25 

growth  of  free  Italian  cities.  Ancient  learn- 
ing and  monuments.  The  reawakening 
through  the  Crusades  and  democratic  move- 
ment of  the  14th  century.  Intellectual  de- 
velopment of  the  14th  century.  The  revival 
of  learning.  The  heralds,  Dante,  Petrarch 
and  Boccaccio.  Invention  of  paper  and 
printing.  Art.  Renaissance  and  Reforma- 
tion. The  geographers  and  the  discovery  of 
America. 

Roman  Life:  The  birth,  status,  sports 
and  training  of  the  Roman  child.  Marriage 
and  the  status  of  women.  Slaves,  freedmen 
and  clients.  The  Roman  house  and  its  fur- 
nishings. Baths  and  aqueducts.  The  games 
of  the  circus  and  Coliseum.  Food  and  cloth- 
ing. Books,  authors,  publishers  and  libra- 
ries. The  use  of  wax  tablets  and  the  stilus. 
Amanuenses.  Shorthand.  Religion,  death 
and  burial. 

Historical  Novels  (American) :  The  mean- 
ing of  history.  Aspects  of  fiction.  History 
and  the  novel  as  literature.  The  novel  of 
Colonial  America  (1492-1765).  The  novel 
of  the  Revolution  (i 765-1800).  American 
life  on  the  frontier  (1800-1860).    The  Civil 


26  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

War     and     Reconstruction     (1860-1876). 
American  life  since  1876. 

Italy: 

1.  A  study  of  the  geography  of  Italy. 

2.  A  study  of  the  people,  their  origin  and 

characteristics. 

3.  A  brief  outline  history. 

4.  The  great  cities.    Independent  charac- 

ter and  development  of  each.  The 
peculiar  gift  of  each  to  civilization. 

5.  Naples — The  meeting  place  of  Greeks 

and  Italians.  The  effect  of  Greek 
colonies  on  the  civilization  and  art. 
Modem  Naples. 

6.  Rome — The    center    of    the    ancient 

world.  Her  place  during  the  Middle 
Ages.  As  capital  of  modem  Italy. 
The  center  where  Asia,  Africa  and 
Europe  have  met  and  stmggled. 
From  pagan  temples  to  St.  Peter's 
and  the  Vatican.  Ancient  Rome  and 
its  monuments.    New  Rome. 

7.  Venice — The    receiver    of    influences 

from  the  East  and  the  transmitter 
of  the  same  to  the  West.  Natural 
features.  Expansion  into  a  commer- 
cial power  and  land  empire.  Trade 
with  the  Orient.  The  type  of  men 
produced.    Modem  Venice. 


SUGGESTED  OUTLINES  27 

8.  Florence — The  center  of  human  and 

democratic  interests.  Wealth  and 
production.  The  organization  of 
guilds.  The  development  of  art. 
Great  men.  Monimients.  Litera- 
ture and  learning.  Modem  Flor- 
ence. 

9.  Other   cities   of   Italy — Genoa,    Pisa, 

Padua,  etc. 

10.  Modem  Italy.     Church  and  State. 

Religion.  Life  in  town  and  coun- 
try. Women,  love  and  marriage. 
Education.  Poets,  writers,  musi- 
cians and  artists.    Modem  politics. 

11.  The  royal  family.     The  relation  of 

Italy  to  other  nations. 

12.  Italians  in  the  United  States.     How 

to  make  good  Americans  of  the 
alien.  Public  schools  and  the  Ital- 
ian.   Noted  Italians  in  this  country. 

Holland:  Geographical  position  and 
problems.  Dikes  and  windmills.  Holland 
during  Caesar's  invasion  of  Gaul.  The  Ger- 
man dominion.  Under  the  Holy  Roman 
Empire.  The  Feudal  System.  The  rise  of 
commerce,  leaming  and  art.  The  woolen 
industry.  Fisheries  and  navigators.  Print- 
ers.    Holland  and  Spain.     Protestantism 


28  CLUB  WOMAN»S  HANDYBOOK 

and  the  Inquisition.  The  Declaration  of 
Independence  (July  26,  1561).  The  United 
States  of  the  Dutch  Republic.  Holland  and 
England.  Religious  liberty.  Dutch  col- 
onists. The  Pilgrim  Fathers.  Influence  of 
the  Dutch  in  America.  Napoleon  in  Hol- 
land. Modern  history.  Architecture,  gal- 
leries and  museums.  Tulips.  Costumes. 
Modem  artists.    Modem  writers. 

Philanthropic  Schemes:  Misery  and  its 
causes.  The  way  out.  The  old  idea  of  char- 
ity and  benevolence.  Alms-giving  and  the 
making  of  paupers.  Indiscriminate  giving. 
The  tramp  and  how  he  is  made.  Organized 
charity  and  constructive  work.  Co-opera- 
tion and  a  central  bureau  in  welfare  work. 
The  waste  of  money,  energy  and  time  in  the 
old  ways  of  helping  the  poor  and  unfortu- 
nate. General  purchasing  schemes  and  col- 
lections for  the  different  institutions.  In- 
vestigation of  local  asylums,  hospitals,  clin- 
ics, homes,  day  nurseries,  bureaus,  public 
laundries,  employment  bureaus,  district 
nursing,  insane  asylums,  reform  schools, 
wood-yards,  rescue  homes,  etc.  Study  effi- 
ciency methods  in  management. 


SUGGESTED   OUTLINES  29 

The  Opera :  The  rise  of  the  opera  in  Italy 
in  the  i6th  century.  The  development  of 
the  orchestra.  The  early  French  school. 
Early  German  operas  (Mozart,  Beethoven, 
Weber).  Modem  French,  German,  Italian, 
Russian  and  Bohemian  operas.  The  influ- 
ence of  Wagner  on  opera.  Strauss,  Debussy, 
Massenet  and  other  modems.  The  libretto 
and  the  question  of  opera  in  English.  The 
opera  in  England  and  America.  Subsidizing 
the  opera.  Music  for  the  people.  Famous 
opera  houses  of  the  world.  Famous  opera 
singers  of  the  past.  Famous  singers  of  to- 
day.   Opera  comique.    Musical  comedies. 

Housing  Problems:  Working  people's 
homes.  Plans  and  management.  Mtmicipal 
lodging  houses.  The  elimination  of  slums. 
Tenement  house  commissioners  and  their 
work.  Model  cottages.  Model  settlements 
of  cottages.  Garden  cities.  Building  and 
loan  associations  for  the  poor.  What  we 
may  learn  from  England  and  foreign  coun- 
tries. 

Our  Native  Trees :  Forestry  abroad  and 
at  home.  The  tree  in  nattire's  plan.  Its 
use  and  beauty.    The  waste  and  conserva- 


30  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

tion  of  trees.  Forest  fires.  The  work  of 
state  and  federal  governments  in  forestry. 
Destructive  insects  and  the  care  of  trees. 
Familiar  trees.  Trees  for  the  home  grounds. 
Serviceable  trees  for  the  street.  The  shade 
tree  commission.  Incentives  to  farmers  to 
plant  trees  (through  abatement  of  taxes, 
etc.).  Trees  valuable  for  their  wood. 
The  tree  in  poetry  and  romance.  Historic 
trees. 

The  Servant  Question:  The  feudal  sys- 
tem and  the  relation  of  master  to  servant. 
The  change  in  the  relation  as  the  masses 
have  risen.  The  rise  of  the  factories  system 
and  the  consequent  result  on  the  servant 
class.  Comparison  between  the  advantages 
and  disadvantages  of  factory  positions  and 
service  in  the  home.  The  attitude  of  the 
family  toward  servants.  The  problem  from 
the  viewpoint  of  the  mistress  and  from  that 
of  the  servant.  Days  out.  Hours  of  work. 
Uniform.  Accommodations.  Wages.  Priv- 
ileges. Company.  Specialization.  The  vis- 
iting housekeeper.  The  visiting  servant. 
Co-operative  housekeeping.  Automatic 
kitchens.    The  servantless  apartment.    The 


SUGGESTED  OUTLINES  31 

ethics  of  references.  Private  and  municipal 
employment  agencies. 

Family  Budget:  The  income.  Division 
between  man  and  wife  and  children.  Family 
expenses.  The  cost  of  the  house,  living, 
service,  education  and  amusements.  Per- 
sonal expenditures.  Necessities  and  lux- 
uries. Saving.  Household  accoimts.  The 
scale  of  living.  The  simple  life.  Efficiency, 
waste  and  extravagance.  The  influence  of 
money.  The  cost  of  hospitality  and  recrea- 
tion. 

Mjrths  and  Folk-Lore :  The  childhood  of 
the  race.  The  universality  of  myths.  An- 
cient legends  having  the  same  root  idea. 
The  Aryan  myths  of  creation  and  nature. 
Compare  the  Greek,  Egyptian,  Scandina- 
vian, German,  English,  American  Indian, 
Slav,  Celtic,  African,  Indian,  Hebrew,  Jap- 
anese and  Hawaiian  folk-lore.  Make  a 
study  of  gnomes,  dwarfs,  fairies,  genii,  gods 
and  heroes  and  get  acquainted  with  the 
character  of  the  classic  epic  poems  of  an- 
tiquity. 

Flora  of  the  Locality:  Wild  flowers.  Cul- 
tivated plants.    The  home  grounds.    Hardy 


32  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

gardens.  House  plants.  Shrubs  and  vines. 
Their  ornamental  uses.  Back  yards  and 
city  gardens.  City  parks  and  the  develop- 
ment of  public  sentiment  to  insure  public 
protection  of  them. 

Study  of  Costume:  Trace  the  develop- 
ment of  dress  in  past  times  and  the  probable 
effect  on  the  physique.  Dwell  on  the  sani- 
tary and  the  hygienic  apparel  of  other  races 
and  ages.  Contrast  the  tortures  inflicted  on 
different  races  in  pursuit  of  national  ideas  in 
style.  Peasant  costumes  of  different  na- 
tions. Make  a  study  of  costumes  of  the  past 
century  (this  gives  an  opportunity  for  fancy 
dress  ftmctions  and  entertainments).  Study 
present  styles  and  the  vagaries  of  women  in 
adopting  all  things  in  vogue.  Discuss  ra- 
tional dressing  and  the  possibility  of  an 
American  style.  Study  color  and  line  and 
texture  as  adapted  to  different  figures  and 
types. 

American  Architecture:  The  colonists 
and  what  they  brought  to  America  in  ideals 
in  art  and  architecture.  English  and  the 
Georgian,  or  Colonial,  style.  Dutch  influ- 
ences and  the  French.    Development  of  city 


SUGGESTED  OUTLINES  33 

life  and  experiments  with  all  sorts  of  styles. 
Reproduction  of  classic  styles.  The  influ- 
ence of  the  French,  English  and  Italian  style 
in  modem  architecttire.  The  summer  home, 
bungalows,  camps,  the  city  house  (private) 
and  apartments.  The  remodelled  old  house. 
Churches  and  public  buildings.  Skyscrapers 
and  department  stores.  Elevated  railways. 
The  houses  of  the  slums  and  model  tenement 
activities.  Regulation  of  the  width  of 
streets  for  air  and  sunshine.  A  close  study 
and  criticism  of  the  architecture  of  one's 
own  town. 

Louis  XIV  and  His  Court:  A  sketch  of 
his  progenitors.  The  influence  of  the  age 
upon  him.  His  ministers.  His  homes  and 
treasures.  Women  of  the  coiurt.  Heroes  of 
the  nation.  Great  events  of  the  time.  Man- 
ners, morals  and  amusements  of  his  reign. 
Paris  as  it  was  then.  Learning  and  the  arts. 
The  French  Academy.  Landscape  garden- 
ing and  architecture.  Philosophers  and 
dramatists.  The  clergy  (prelates,  Jesuits 
and  Protestants).    Tapestry  and  porcelain. 


Ill 

PROGRAMS 

These  programs  may  be  kept  up  to  date 
by  consulting  the  catalog  of  any  public 
library  having  a  collection  of  modern  books. 
They  may  be  changed  so  as  to  fit  the  number 
of  meetings  in  the  club  season,  care  being 
taken  to  keep  a  logical  sequence  of  ideas 
when  readjusting  them.  Mere  names,  dates 
and  facts  count  for  little  in  a  study  course, 
if  not  treated  in  a  constructive  manner. 
Full  book  lists  are  given  so  as  to  cover  pos- 
sible deficiencies  in  a  local  library.  Use 
freely  Poole's  Index  and  The  Reader's 
Guide.  These  works  index  magazine  arti- 
cles, past  and  present,  up  to  the  current 
month. 

The  programs  will  be  found  to  be  so  elastic 
that  they  may  be  elaborated  or  condensed, 
combined  for  departmental  clubs  or  dissect- 
ed for  special  classes.  They  may  vary  in 
treatment  from  grave  to  gay,  from  lively  to 
severe,  according  to  the  temper  of  the 
student. 

34 


PROGRAMS  35 


American  Literature 


This  program,  while  it  covers  the  ground 
thoroughly,  is  to  be  taken  up  broadly.  De- 
tails are  given  to  show  the  trend  of  the 
study.  They  may  be  skimmed  and  ignored 
as  special  topics,  if  the  season  is  a  short  one 
and  the  work  is  to  be  lightly  done  as  a  di- 
version. But  if  the  study  is  to  be  long- 
continued  and  somewhat  profound,  these 
items  will  merit  particular  attention  as  land- 
marks in  the  literary  history  of  the  time. 
The  main  idea  is  to  study  the  spirit  of  the 
time  and  the  literature  together,  as  one  re- 
flects the  other.  This  program  represents 
an  attempt  to  accomplish  such  a  purpose. 
Students  may  make  additions  or  elimina- 
tions which  will  help  to  carry  out  this  idea. 
Emphasis  is  placed  on  the  rule  that  the 
whole  club  should  study  the  whole  topic. 
There  should  be  short  papers  or  talks  on 
each  phase  by  several  members  and  not 
long  papers  by  a  few.  Each  author  may 
be  studied  at  length,  or  a  sort  of  flashlight 


36  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

may  be  given  of  his  contribution  to  the 
literature  of  his  day. 

I — The  Beginning 

Aboriginal  writers.  (See  D.  G.  Brinton's 
Aboriginal  American  Authors.)  Literary 
traits  brought  over  by  the  colonists.  Books 
they  read.  State  of  English  literature  when 
American  literature  was  bom.  First  Amer- 
ican writings;  appeals,  defenses  and  contro- 
versies. Descriptions  of  the  new  country 
and  its  life.  Early  Governors  as  historians. 
The  theologians. 

2 — The  Colonial  Period  in  Virginia 

Explanation  of  the  literary  barrenness  of 
the  period  as  found  in  the  personal  traits  of 
the  founders  of  Virginia.  Lack  of  schools 
and  of  religious  freedom.  Printing  prohib- 
ited by  the  English  government.  Captain 
John  Smith  and  his  writings.  Other  early 
writers:  William  Strachey,  Alexander  Whit- 
aker,  John  Pory,  George  Sandys,  Father 
Andrew  White,  John  Hammond  and  George 
Alsop. 


PROGRAMS  37 

3 — New  England  in  the  17TH  Century 

Race  qualities  of  the  New  Englanders. 
Their  intellectuaHty.  The  large  number  of 
learned  men.  Their  esteem  for  learning. 
Earnestness  and  religion.  Prosperity.  Cir- 
cumstances favorable  to  literary  action  not- 
withstanding restraints  on  the  liberty  of 
printing.  Historical  writers:  William  Brad- 
ford, Nathaniel  Morton,  John  Winthrop  and 
Edward  Johnson.  John  Mason  and  the 
Pequot  war.  Daniel  Gookin.  The  New 
England  Primer. 


4 — Later  New  England 

Theologians  and  miscellaneous  prose  wri- 
ters. Characteristics  of  the  people  and  the 
literature.  Francis  Higginson,  William 
Wood,  John  Josselyn,  Thomas  Hooker, 
Thomas  Shepard,  John  Cotton,  Peter  Bulk- 
ley,  John  Norton,  William  Hooke,  Charles 
Chauncey,  Nathaniel  Ward,  Roger  Wil- 
liams, Jonathan  Edwards,  Cotton  Mather, 
Increase  and  Richard  Mather. 


38  CLUB  WOMAN»S  HANDYBOOK 

5 — New  England  Verse  Writers 

Strong  influence  from  contemporary  Eng- 
lish poets:  Pope,  Watts,  Thomson  and 
Young.  The  attitude  of  the  Puritans  to- 
wards art  and  poetry.  The  Puritans  natural 
verse  makers.  Their  elegies  and  epitaphs. 
The  Bay  Psalm  Book.  Anne  Bradstreet, 
the  pioneer  blue  stocking.  Pastor  John 
Wilson.  William  Morrell.  John  Norton. 
Urian  Oakes.  Peter  Folger.  Benjamin 
Thompson.  Michael  and  Samuel  Wiggles- 
worth.  Nicholas  Noyes.  Francis  Knapp. 
Benjamin  Colman.  Jane  Turell.  Mather 
Bylis.  Roger  Wolcott.  Humorous  poetry. 
War  verses.  Popular  ballads.  The  early 
prominence  of  the  Almanac. 

6 — Later  New  England  Writers 

Growth  in  general  intelligence.  People's 
thoughts  and  talk  during  the  early  i8th 
century.  Witchcraft  and  slavery.  Devel- 
opment of  the  historic  spirit.  Biographers. 
Literary  memorials  of  conflicts  with  the 
Indians.    Woolman's  Journal. 


PROGRAMS  39 

7 — New  York,  New  Jersey  and  Penn- 
sylvania 

Traits  of  life  in  these  places.  Mixed 
communities.  Education  neglected.  Dan- 
iel Denton,  pioneer  in  New  York  literature. 
Thomas  Budd,  pioneer  in  New  Jersey  litera- 
ture. Intellectual  men  in  Philadelphia. 
Benjamin  Franklin. 

9 

8 — Later  Colonial  Literature 

Tendencies  toward  colonial  fellowship 
growing  out  of  commerce,  the  same  peril 
from  enemies  and  the  rise  of  journalism. 
American  journalism.  The  establishment 
of  colleges.  Early  colleges.  Vast  influence 
on  literary  culture.  Scientific  study.  The 
impulse  given  to  literature  by  science. 

9 — The  Revolutionary  Period 

The  orators  and  statesmen.  Political 
literature.  Ballads.  The  song  and  romance 
of  the  period.  Experiments  in  novel 
writing.  Charles  Brockden  Brown,  the  first 
professional  man  of  letters. 


40  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

lo — The  First  Half  of  the  19TH  Century 

Revolutionary  plays.  Indian  melodramas. 
The  popular  annuals  called      Souvenirs", 

Tokens",  Forget-me-nots",  Talis- 
mans", etc.  Women  writers  of  the  early 
19th  century.  Men  writers  of  the  early 
19th  century. 

II — Mid-Century  Writers 

Battle  songs  and  lyrics.  War  songs. 
Uncle  Tom's  Cabin.  The  growth  of  uni- 
versities and  education.  Expansion  of  the 
intellectual  life.  Newspapers  and  periodi- 
cals. Novelists,  poets  and  political  writers. 
Orators,  critics  and  dramatists.  The  trans- 
cendent alists.  Unitarian  leaders.  The 
Cambridge  poets.  Anti-slavery  writers. 
Nature  lovers. 

12 — ^The  Nineteenth  Century 

Later  novelists,  poets,  dramatists,  theo- 
logians, himiorists,  journalists,  orators,  his- 
torians, critics  and  biographers.  Women 
in  literature. 


PROGRAMS  41 

13— Sectional  Literature 

The  South,  West,  North,  Central  West 
and  East. 

14— Miscellaneous  Topics  * 

Short  story  writers.  Comic  papers.  So- 
ciety journals.  The  woman's  page.  War 
correspondents.  Reflection  of  society  in  the 
novel  and  play  of  the  day.  Social  forces 
as  expressed  in  literature. 

15 — Critical  Comments 

Standards  in  literature:  what  they  are  if 
they  do  exist  at  all.  The  influence  of  our 
literature  in  England  and  foreign  coimtries. 
Our  authors  who  are  read  abroad.  Foreign 
criticisms  of  our  literature.  Influence  of 
other  nations  on  our  modem  literature. 

CONSULT 

Chronological  Outline  of  American  Literature, 
by  Whitcomb; 

Literary  History  of  America,  by  Barrett  Wendell ; 
American  Lands  and  Letters,  by  D.  G.  Mitchell; 


42  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

American  Literature,  by  C.  F.  Richardson; 

Dictionary  of  American  Authors,  by  O.  F. 
Adams; 

History  of  American  Literature,  by  F.  L.  Pattee; 

Southern  Literature,  by  Louise  Manley; 

The  South  in  History  and  Literature,  by  M.  L. 
Rutherford; 

Introduction  to  American  Literature,  by  Brander 
Matthews; 

History  of  American  Literature,  by  M.  C.  Tyler; 

History  of  American  Literature  During  Colonial 
Times,  by  M.  C.  Tyler; 

Literary  History  of  the  American  Revolution,  by 
M.  C.  Tyler; 

American  Men  of  Letters  Series,  edited  by 
Charles  Dudley  Warner; 

Anne  Bradstreet  and  Her  Time,  by  Helen 
Campbell ; 

The  Hoosiers,  by  Meredith  Nicholson; 

Guide  to  the  Study  of  19th  Century  Authors, 
by  L.  M.  Hodgkins; 

History  of  Historical  Writing  in  America,  by 
J.  F.  Jameson; 

Transcendentalism  in  New  England,  by  O.  B. 
Frothingham; 

Literary  and  Social  Studies,  by  G.  W.  Curtis; 

Cheerful  Yesterdays,  by  T.  W.  Higginson; 

Woolman's  Journal; 

Franklin's  Autobiography; 

The  Old  South  Leaflets; 


PROGRAMS  43 

American  Literature  in  Colonial  and  National 
Periods,  by  Lorenzo  Sears; 

The  Clergy  in  American  Life  and  Letters,  by 
D.  D.  Addison; 

Introduction  to  American  Literature,  by  F.  V.  M. 
Painter; 

Desk-Book  of  Errors  in  English,  by  Frank  H. 
Vize  telly ; 

Introduction  to  American  Literature,  by  H.  S. 
Pancoast ; 

History  of  American  Literature,  1607-1865,  by 
W.  P.  Trent; 

America  in  Literature,  by  G.  E.  Woodberry; 

Representative  Authors  of  Maryland,  by  H.  E. 
Shepherd; 

American  Authors  and  their  Homes;  Authors  of 
our  Day  in  their  Homes  and  Women  Authors  of 
our  Day  in  Their  Homes,  edited  by  Francis  W. 
Halsey. 


44  CLUB  WOMAN»S  HANDYBOOK 


America  and  the  Americans 

I — The  Children  of  the  Nation 

Past  races  which  produced  the  American. 
Who  are  they?  What  we  inherit  and  what 
environment  has  made  of  us.  The  in- 
coming tide  of  immigration.  Who  and  what 
is  the  immigrant  and  what  does  he  con- 
tribute to  present  day  conditions.  What 
shall  we  do  with  the  immigrant?  Restric- 
tion, education,  schools  for  adults  and 
children,  enlightenment  as  to  our  laws  and 
restraints  on  lawlessness. 


2 — Ourselves  as  Others  See  Us 

Among  notable  books  about  us  are  the 
following : 

Letters  from  a  Chinese  Official.  An 
Eastern  View  of  Western  Civilization,  by 
G.  L.  Dickinson; 

The  American  Scene,  by  Henry  James; 

As  a  Chinaman  Saw  Us,  Anon.; 


PROGRAMS  45 

As  Others  See  Us,  by  J.  G.  Brooks; 

Outre  Mer,  by  Paul  Bourget; 

Jonathan  and  His  Continent,  by  Paul 
Blouet; 

Her  Royal  Highness  Woman,  by  Paul 
Blouet; 

Inner  Life  of  the  United  States,  by  Vaya 
and  Luskod; 

Your  United  States,  by  Arnold  Bennett; 

Dollars  and  Democracy,  by  Bume- Jones; 

American  Notes,  by  Dickens; 

Domestic  Manners  of  the  Americans,  by 
Mrs.  Trollope; 

America  the  Land  of  Contrasts,  by  J.  F. 
Muirhead; 

American  Notes,  by  Kipling; 

The  Land  of  the  Dollar,  by  G.  W.  Stee- 
vens; 

Twentieth  Century  Americans,  by  H.  P. 
Robinson; 

America  of  Today,  by  William  Archer; 

The  Americans,  by  Hugo  Muensterberg; 

Business  and  Lore,  by  Huges  Le  Roux; 

In  the  Land  of  the  Strenuous  Life,  by 
Abbe  Felix  Klein; 

American  Sketches,  by  Charles  Whibley. 


46  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

3 — ^America  Among  the  Nations 

Our  rank  among  scholars,  scientists,  ar- 
tists and  industrial  workers.  Inventions  and 
achievements.  The  responsibility  of  our 
educational  system.  The  weakness  and 
strength  of  public  education  in  America. 
Technical  and  professional  schools.  Col- 
leges at  home  and  abroad.  General  and 
personal  culture.  American  women.  Voices 
and  manners.  Children  at  home  and  abroad. 

4 — ^A  Glance  Ahead 

America  as  a  world  power.  Triimiphant 
democracy.  The  American  at  work.  Amer- 
ican ideals  and  their  fulfilment.  What  to 
expect  from  America.  Newer  ideals  of 
peace.  Arbitration  and  internal  unity.  No 
North,  no  South,  no  East,  no  West.  One 
American  nation. 

S — The  Hall  of  Fame — Men 

Men  who  have  made  the  nation,  a  study 
of  patriotic  biography.  Men  whose  scholar- 
ship has  impressed  itself  upon  the  national 


PROGRAMS  47 

thought.  Artists,  musicians  and  scientists 
whose  work  has  national  and  international 
importance. 

6 — The  Hall  of  Fame — ^Women 

Women  of  historic  fame.  Women  in  the 
world  of  art,  literature  and  science.  Social 
leaders  and  women  interested  in  sociology. 

CONSULT 

The  American  Commonwealth,  by  James  Bryce; 

The  Beginners  of  a  Nation,  by  Edward  Eggle- 
ston; 

The  Discovery  of  America,  by  John  Fiske; 

Expansion  of  the  American  People,  by  E.  E. 
Sparks; 

The  United  States  in  the  Twentieth  Century,  by 
Pierre  Leroy  Beaulieu; 

Immigration  and  Its  Effects  upon  the  United 
States,  by  P.  F.  Hall; 

American  Traits,  by  Hugo  Muensterberg ; 

The  Future  in  America,  by  H.  G.  Wells; 

America  in  Its  Relation  to  the  Great  Epochs  of 
History,  by  W.  J.  Mann; 

American  Diplomacy,  by  J.  B.  Moore; 

Geographic  Influences  in  American  History,  by 
A.  P.  Brigham; 


48  CLUB  WOMAN^S  HANDYBOOK 

Race  Questions,  Provincialism  and  Other  Ameri- 
can Problems,  by  Josiah  Royce; 

The  Immigration  Problem,  by  Jeremiah  W.  Jenks 
and  W.  Jett  Lauch; 

American  Social  and  Religious  Conditions,  by 
Charles  Stelzle; 

The  Spirit  of  America,  by  Henry  van  Dyke; 

America  in  the  Making,  by  Lyman  Abbott; 

Democracy  and  the  Overman,  by  Charles  Zueblin; 

Immigration — A  World  Movement  and  Its  Ameri- 
can Significance,  by  H.  P.  Fairchild; 

History  of  Socialism  in  the  United  States,  by 
Morris  Hillquit; 

Expansion  under  New  World  Conditions,  by  Rev. 
Josiah  Strong; 

Americans  in  Modern  Life,  by  Alberto  Pecorini; 

The  New  Freedom,  by  Woodrow  Wilson. 


PROGRAMS  49 


The  Building:  Art 

Many  who  admire  noble  examples  of  past 
architecture  do  not  know  the  secret  of  their 
charm.  We  cannot  analyze  the  character 
of  these  monimients,  or  account  for  the 
wonderful  hold  they  have  maintained  on 
the  human  mind  throughout  the  ages.  Our 
opinions  and  tastes  are  seldom  based  on 
knowledge.  We  ought  to  be  able  to  dis- 
tinguish the  elements  of  beauty  in  great 
masterpieces.  But  even  though  we  study 
and  acquire  all  this,  it  may  remain  **  dead- 
wood''  information  if  it  does  not  en- 
courage a  desire  for  beauty  in  the  present, 
even  in  the  commonplace  things  of  daily 
life. 

The  present  study  plan  is  presented  for 
the  purpose  of  leading  the  student,  through 
knowledge  of  classic  models,  to  a  practical 
realization  of  the  beauty,  as  well  as  the 
ugliness,  which  we  now  so  often  sanction 
and  pay  for  in  homes  and  public  buildings. 
Thus  we  may  arouse  a  keener  consciousness 


50  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HAND YBOOK 

of  civic  art  and  become  better  citizens.  One 
should  have  ideals  and  standards  in  order 
to  discriminate.  We  study  the  past  in  order 
to  understand  what  we  have  inherited  and 
then  try  to  adjust  our  taste  to  the  different 
conditions  of  today. 

This  program,  in  spite  of  the  array  of 
topics,  is  designed  to  be  simple.  Each 
topic  is  concisely  treated  in  the  books 
recommended.  These  works  are  popular 
and  condensed  text  books  and  not  technical 
treatises.  Weightier  books  are  not  included, 
as  the  study  has  been  so  planned  as  to  get 
at  main  principles  and  motives  for  busy 
people.  Those  who  wish  to  study  deeper 
will  find  books  on  these  topics  in  any  good 
public  library.  Poole's  Index  to  Periodical 
Literature  should  be  freely  used.  The 
magazines  contain  articles  by  experts  who 
have  digested  a  mass  of  information  and  put 
it  in  popular  form  for  the  average  reader. 

I — A  General  Survey  oe  Architecture 

I.  Style  in  architecture  as  based  on  con- 
struction. 


PROGRAMS  51 

2.  Additional  effect  on  construction  (or 

style)  of  the  artistic  temperament, 
national  temperament  and  conven- 
ience. 

3.  A  brief  application  of  these  principles 

to  present  novel  departures  due  to 
novel  conditions,  such  as  iron  con- 
struction and  skyscrapers.  (These 
will  again  be  treated  later  when  we 
study  public  buildings.)  For  these 
subjects  consult  Reason  in  Architec- 
ture, by  T.  G.  Jackson. 

4.  The  influence  of  material  upon  archi- 

tecture. Consult  the  work  with 
this  title  by  B.  F.  Fletcher. 

5.  A  study  of  the  column  and  the  arch. 

Consult  The  Column  and  the  Arch, 
by  W.  P.  P.  Longfellow. 

6.  The    characteristics    of   each    definite 

style:  Egyptian,  Assyrian,  Chinese, 
Japanese,  Peruvian,  Mexican,  In- 
dian, Grecian,  Roman,  Byzantine, 
Saracenic,  Gothic,  Renaissance.  The 
development  of  French,  English  and 
German  styles.  Give  in  each  case 
the  influence  of  climate,  geography, 


52  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

geology,  religion,  history  and  polit- 
ical and  social  conditions.  All  this 
information  is  concisely  given  in 
B.  F.  Fletcher's  History  of  Archi- 
tecture, and  in  A  Study  of  the  Or- 
ders of  Architecture,  by  A.  E.  Zapf. 

2— Domestic  Architecture 

1.  Development  of  the  idea  of  shelter. 

The  homes  of  man  in  all  ages. 

2.  Describe  an  ancient  typical  house  in 

each  style  of  architecture.  Consult 
The  Habitations  of  Man  in  All  Ages, 
by  Viollet-le-Duc;  The  Street  of 
Human  Habitations,  by  R.  S.  Line- 
han,  and  the  Story  of  the  Art  of 
Building,  by  P.  L.  Waterhouse. 

3.  What  was  the  Renaissance  and  how- 

did  it  affect  domestic  architecture? 

4.  Colonial    style — its    development    in 

America.  Modifications  in  modem 
times. 

5.  Modem     architecture     in     America. 

Traces  of  historic  forms  apparent; 
modifications;    19th   century  imita- 


PROGRAMS  53 

tive  designs;  19th  century  original 
design;  local  illustrations  of  each. 
A  prophetic  view  of  a  model  home. 

CONSULT 

Contrasts  or  a  Parallel  between  the  Noble  Edifices 
of  the  Middle  Ages  and  Corresponding  Buildings  of 
the  Present  Day,  by  A.  N.  W.  Pugin; 

History  of  Modem  Styles,  by  James  Fergusson; 

Story  of  the  Art  of  Building  with  an  Account  of 
Architecture  in  America,  by  P.  L.  Waterhouse; 

The  American  Renaissance,  by  J.  W.  Dow; 

Early  Connecticut  Houses,  by  N.  M.  Isham  and 
A.  F.  Browne; 

The  Georgian  Period,  edited  by  W.  R.  Ware; 

Colonial  Houses,  by  E.  S.  Child; 

Manors  of  Virginia  in  Colonial  Times,  by  E.  T. 
Sale; 

Modem  Architecture,  by  H.  H.  Statham; 

Reclaiming  the  Old  House,  by  C.  E.  Hooper; 

Homes  of  Character,  by  J.  H.  Newson; 

Reinforced  Concrete,  by  Bernard  Jones. 

3 — Church  Architecture 

I.  Describe  a  church  typical  of  each  style. 
Consult  History  of  Architecture,  by 
B.  F.  Fletcher;  Sacred  Architecture, 
by  Richard  Brown. 


54  CLUB  WOMAN»S  HANDYBOOK 

2.  Special   study,   as   long   as   the   club 

chooses,  to  be  given  to  English, 
French,  German  and  Italian  cathe- 
drals. Special  books  on  these  topics 
may  be  found  in  any  large  library. 
A, few  may  be  mentioned  such  as: 
English  Cathedrals,  by  Mrs.  Schuy- 
ler van  Rensselaer; 
Churches  and  Castles  of  Medieval 

France,  by  W.  C.  Lamed; 
Historic  Churches  of  Paris,  by  W.  F. 

Lonergan; 
European   Architecture,    by   J.    R. 

Sturgis; 
Cathedral  Building  in  England,  by 

E.  S.  Prior; 
English  Architecture,  by  T.  D.  At- 
kinson; 
Historical  Monuments  of  France,  by 

J.  F.  Hunnewell; 
The  Story  of  Architecture,  by  C.  T. 
Mathews; 

3.  The  effect  of  the  Renaissance  on  church 

architecture. 

4.  American  churches.     Early  American 

types,  later  types,  19th  century  imi- 


PROGRAMS  55 

tative  designs,  19th  century  original 
designs,  traces  of  historic  forms. 
Study  your  city  architecture  for  ex- 
amples of  each. 

CONSULT 

Historic     Churches     of     America,     by    N.    U. 
Wallington; 

Modem    Architecture,  by  H.  H.  Statham. 

4 — Public  Buildings 

1.  Study  one  famous  building  in  each 

classic  style.  Note  its  adaptation 
to  the  needs  of  the  people,  the  pe- 
riod, the  climate.  (Much  on  this 
topic  will  be  found  in  works  already 
referred  to  imder  former  topics.)  See 
also  Famous  Buildings  Described  by 
Famous  Writers,  edited  by  Esther 
Singleton. 

2.  Study  the  modem  buildings  of  Amer- 

ica; libraries,  courthouses,  city  halls, 
museums  and  public  galleries,  opera 
houses  and  music  halls,  theaters,  so- 
ciety buildings,  markets,  hospitals, 


56  CLUB  WOMAN^S  HANDYBOOK 

public  baths  and  business  buildings. 
Note  changes  in  construction,  devel- 
opment of  height,  use  and  abuse  of 
ornament  and  adaptation  to  purpose. 
Study  19th  century  imitative  de- 
signs and  19th  century  original  de- 
signs. 

CONSULT 

Modem  Civic  Art,  by  C.  M.  Robinson; 

Improvements  of  Towns  and  Cities,  by  C.  M. 
Robinson ; 

Art  and  Life  and  the  Building  and  Decoration 
of  Cities,  by  T.  J.  Cobden-Sanderson ; 

Architecture  for  General  Readers,  by  H.  H. 
Statham  (chapters  on  cities  and  landscapes); 

Modem  Architecture,  by  H.  H.  Statham. 


5 — Mural  Decoration 

Study  the  use  and  abuse  of  decoration  in 
buildings,  and  the  use  and  abuse  of  mural 
painting.  Give  some  good  examples  from 
old  buildings.  Give  examples  of  modern 
mural  decoration  and  make  criticisms  and 
comparisons.  Study  works  by  Puvis  de 
Chavannes,  Albert   Moore,   Rodin,   Alfred 


PROGRAMS  57 

Stevens,  G.  F.  Watts,  Leighton,  Frank 
Brangwyn,  Edwin  H.  Blashfield,  Bume- 
Jones  and  Poynter. 

CONSULT 

Modern  Mural  Decoration,  by  A.  L.  Baldry; 
American  Mural  Paintings,  by  Pauline  King; 
Mural  Painting,  by  Frederic  Crowninshield; 
Mural  Painting,  by  F.  H.  Jackson. 

6 — Local  Architecture 

Study  your  own  municipal  buildings, 
their  grouping,  adaptability  to  surround- 
ings, and  adaptability  to  use.  Their  style. 
Give  suggestions  for  improvement. 

7 — A  City  Street 

Study  the  possibilities  of  paving,  side- 
walks, .  cleanliness,  signs,  poles  and  tracks. 
Compare  with  conditions  in  foreign  cities, 
such  as  Brussels,  Munich  and  Berlin.  Study 
the  beautiful  streets  of  the  world.  Use 
Poole's  Index  freely  for  this  subject.  Well 
illustrated  articles  will  become  available 
through  this  means. 


58  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

For  the  general  reader,  How  to  Judge 
Architecture,  by  Russell  Sturgis,  may  be 
recommended  for  use  all  through  this  course. 
Other  useful  books  are: 

Essentials  in  Architecture,  by  John 
Belcher; 

The  Amateur's  Guide  to  Architecture,  by 
S.  S.  Beale; 

Reason  in  Architecture,  by  Thomas  G. 
Jackson; 

Successful    Houses   and   How   to   Build 
Them,  by  Chas.  E.  White,  Jr.; 
•  Art  and  Environment,  by  L.  M.  Phillips. 


PROGRAMS  59 


Children's  Literature 
I — Story  Telling 

The  value  of  the  impressions  a  child  re- 
ceives through  the  ear.  The  effect  upon  the 
imagination  of  the  dramatically  spoken 
word.  The  consequent  enrichment  of  a 
child's  vocabulary.  The  strong  impression 
made  upon  the  receptive  memory  of  a  child. 
The  art  of  story-telling;  what  kind  of  stories 
to  tell  and  what  to  avoid.  Parents  as  story- 
tellers. 

2 — Reading  to  Children 

The  responsibility  and  power  of  the 
reader.  The  art  of  reading.  Elocution. 
The  voice  and  its  influence.  Readable  and 
unreadable  stories.  The  art  of  skipping. 
Parents  as  readers. 

3 — Poetry 

Children's  susceptibility  to  rh5^hm,  jin- 
gles and  rime.    Good  nonsense  verse.    From 


6o  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

the  limerick  to  Milton  and  Shakespeare. 
A  study  of  the  child's  appreciation  of  some 
of  our  finest  poems. 


4 — The  Bible 

The  power  and  beauty  of  Bible  language. 
The  use  and  abuse  of  adaptations.  Faithful 
interpretations  of  Bible  stories.  No  inter- 
polations or  omissions  to  fit  an  individual 
theory. 

5 — Myths  and  Legends 

Their  educational  value.  Worthy  ver- 
sions in  song  and  story. 


6 — Picture  Books 

What  is  a  good,  and  what  a  harmful,  pic- 
ture book?  The  proper  illustrations  of  story 
books.  The  illustrated  Sunday  newspaper. 
Buster  Brown  and  others;  their  effect  on  a 
child's  sense  of  himior,  good  taste  and  sense 
of  conduct. 


PROGRAMS  6i 

f — Fairy  Stories 

Good  ones  and  harmful  ones;  false  and 
true  ideals.  The  practical  good  done  by 
imaginative  tales.  Contrast  the  realms  of 
fairyland  with  the  changing,  shifting  scenes 
of  the  material  world.  The  fairy  story  a 
preparation  for  the  expansion  of  mental 
activities.  The  compilation  of  folk  tales, 
by  the  Grimm  Brothers.  The  works  of 
Hans  Christian  Andersen.  Other  fairy  tales, 
ancient  and  modem.  The  moral  as  seen  in 
the  story  and  the  moral  dragged  in  after- 
wards. 

8 — Books  for  Boys 

Adventure  and  travel.  Books  about 
doing  things.  Literature  for  the  age  of 
adolescence. 


9 — Books  for  Girls 

The  weakness  of  the  average  book  for 
girls.  The  pretty  holiday  book.  False 
ideals  and  false  sentiment  about  life  and 
love.    The  literature  of  adolescence. 


62  CLUB  WOMAN»S  HANDYBOOK 

CONSULT 

The  Journal  of  Education  and  The  Pedagogical 
Magazine; 

Chips  from  a  German  Workshop,  vol.  2,  by  F. 
Max  MuUer,  chapters  on  mythology,  tradition  and 
customs; 

The  Science  of  Fairy  Tales,  by  E.  S.  Hartland; 

The  Childhood  of  Religions,  an  account  of  the  birth 
and  growth  of  myths  and  legends,  by  E.  Clodd; 

Studies  in  Education,  by  E.  Barnes; 

The  Boy  Problem,  by  W.  B.  Forbush; 

Children,  Past  and  Present ;  What  Children  Read 
— In  Books  and  Men,  by  Agnes  Repplier; 

Adolescence,  by  G.  S.  Hall  (Youth  is  the  same 
condensed) ; 

A  Young  Man  and  His  Problems,  by  James  L. 
Gordon ; 

Proceedings  of  the  National  Educational  Associa- 
tion, 1897,  page  1 01 5;  1900,  page  636;  1905,  pages 
868  and  871; 

The  Use  of  Fairy  Tales,  by  Felix  Adler; 

How  to  Tell  Stories  to  Children,  by  S.  C.  Bryant; 

Conduct  Stories,  by  F.  J.  Gould; 

Life  and  Manners,  by  F.  J.  Gould; 

The  Montessori  Method,  by  Dr.  Montessori; 

Picture  Work,  by  W.  L.  Hervey; 

Story  Telling  in  School  and  Home,  by  E.  N. 
Partridge; 

A  Junior  Congregation,  by  James  M.  Farrar; 


PROGRAMS  63 

Collection  of  Eastern  Stories  and  Legends  for 
Narrative,  by  M.  L.  Shedlock; 

Great  Stories  and  How  to  Tell  Them,  by  R.  T. 
Wyche; 

Story  Telling  with  the  Scissors,  by  M.  H.  Beck- 
with; 

Mother's  List  of  Books  for  Children,  by  C.  W. 
Arnold; 

Forgotten  Books  of  the  American  Nursery,  by 
R.  V.  Halsey; 

The  Child  and  the  Book,  by  G.  S.  Lee; 

Children's  Reading,  by  F.  J.  Olcott; 

Children's  Books  and  Reading,  by  M.  J.  Moses. 


64  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 


The  City  We  Live  In 

To  be  treated  in  much  the  same  manner  as 
The  State  We  Live  In.  Lead  the  study  up 
to  municipal  activities.  Study  the  govern- 
ment of  foreign  cities,  especially  those  of 
Germany.  Investigate  municipal  house- 
keeping and  housecl-eaning,  boards  of  health, 
boards  of  education  and  other  boards. 
Study  preventive  measures  for  cleanliness 
and  health,  the  city  beautiful,  city  planning, 
cooperation  in  philanthropy  and  other 
schemes.  Look  up  chambers  of  commerce 
and  boards  of  trade  and  see  what  they  do  for 
a  city.  Different  schemes  for  municipal  gov- 
ernment such  as  the  commission  form  and 
commission-manager  form  of  government. 
Put  the  results  of  the  research  into  practical 
shape  for  the  use  of  others,  thus  making 
your  work  a  contribution  to  city  lit- 
erature. Get  newspapers  to  publish  ac- 
cotmts  of  your  work  and  make  a  point 
of  advertising  your  ideals  of  the  city's 
future. 


PROGRAMS  65 

CONSULT 

City  Building,  by  S.  H.  Clay; 

The  American  City,  by  Charles  Zueblin; 

Commission  Government  in  American  Cities,  by 
E.  S.  Bradford; 

The  Citizen,  by  N.  S.  Shaler; 

The  Citizen's  Part  in  Government,  by  Elihu 
Root; 

Practical  Citizenship,  by  Adolph  Roeder; 

British  Cities,  by  F.  E.  Howe; 

The  Grouping  of  Public  Buildings,  by  F.  L.  Ford 
(Municipal  Art  Soc.  Bulletin); 

Efficiency  in  City  Govemmei]t,  by  Wm.  H.  Allen ; 

Replanning  Small  Cities,  by  John  Nolan; 

Our  Home  City,  by  William  Arthur; 

City  Government  by  Commission,  by  C.  R. 
Woodruff; 

Modem  Civic  Art,  by  C.  M.  Robinson; 

Width  and  Arrangement  of  Streets,  by  C.  M. 
Robinson ; 

Call  of  the  City,  by  C.  M.  Robinson; 

Improvement  of  Towns  and  Cities,  by  C.  M. 
Robinson; 

Index  and  The  Reader's  Guide,  by  Poole; 

The  Commission  Form  of  Government,  by  John 
J.  Hamilton; 

Modem  Cities,  by  Horatio  M.  Pollock  and  William 
S.  Morgan. 


66  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 


The  Drama 

(Each  section  to  be  subdivided  according 
to  the  number  of  meetings.) 

I — ^An  Outline  History  of  the  Drama 

The  liturgy  of  the  mass,  as  the  first 
conception  of  the  idea  of  the  drama;  priests 
in  their  robes,  vestments  and  ornaments; 
the  responses.  Making  a  dramatic  impres- 
sion. The  mystery  play,  dealing  with 
stories  from  the  Bible  and  Scriptural  pas- 
sages. The  Chester,  Coventry,  Towneley 
and  York  plays.  Miracle  plays  dealing 
with  legends  of  saints.  Moral  plays  dealing 
with  allegory.  The  ^'hybrids",  partly  mo- 
ralities, partly  tragedies.  The  "interludes  '\ 
historical  or  chronicle  plays. 

2 — The  Development  of  Comedy 

Comedy  developed  from  the  morality 
plays  with  the  aid  of  interludes.  Nicholas 
Udall's  Ralph  Roister  Doister,  John  Still's 
Gammar  Gurton's  Needle. 


PROGRAMS  67 

3 — The  Development  of  Tragedy 

Tragedy  developed  from  mystery  plays, 
miracles,  moralities  and  chronicle  histories; 
Gorboduc,  the  first  tragedy  written  in  Eng- 
lish (Norton  and  Sackville,  authors);  The 
Misfortunes  of  Arthur,  the  second  tragedy 
of  the  English  stage  (Thomas  Hughes,  au- 
thor); The  Masque. 

4 — Shakespeare  and  His  Contemporaries 

5 — The  Restoration  Dramatists 

6 — The  Character  and  Development  of 
THE  19TH  Century  Drama 

7 — The  Modern  Drama 

French  and  German  dramatists.  English 
dramatists.  American  dramatists.  The 
dramatizing  of  novels. 

8 — The  Drama  and  Social  Life 

The  place  of  the  drama  among  the  arts; 
social  forces  exprest  through  the  drama. 
The  drama  of  the  i6th  century  as  a  por- 


68  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

trayal  of  the  social  forces  of  the  times. 
The  drama  and  reforms.  The  drama  as 
an  educative  factor.  The  drama  as  a 
teacher  of  morals.  Public  responsibility  for 
the  debasement  of  the  drama. 

CONSULT 

Brief  History  of  the  English  Drama,  by  W.  E. 
Golden; 

Miracle  and  Mystery  Plays,  by  C.  Davidson; 

Essays  on  Comedy  and  the  Uses  of  the  Comic 
Spirit,  by  George  Meredith; 

Development  of  the  Drama,  by  J.  B.  Matthews; 

The  Drama  of  Yesterday,  by  C.  Scott; 

Plays  of  the  Present,  by  J.  B.  Clapp; 

The  Drama,  by  Henry  Irving; 

Dramatic  Values,  by  C.  E.  Montague; 

The  Play  of  Today,  by  E.  R.  Hunt; 

The  American  Stage  of  Today,  by  W.  P.  Eaton; 

Poole's  Index; 

Reader's  Guide. 


PROGRAMS 


Efficiency,  Q)nscrvation  and  "Waste 

The  waste  of  today  is  the  by-product  of 
tomorrow.  Conservation  implies  a  sense 
of  social  responsibility  and  a  reduction  in 
the  intensity  of  the  struggle  for  existence. 
Increase  in  production,  as  well  as  saving  in 
energy,  materials,  and  time,  is  a  direct  result 
of  the  elimination  of  waste. 

This  topic  includes  a  study  of  waste  in 
our  physical,  mental  and  moral  life.  It  is 
planned  to  lead  to  consideration  of  the  re- 
construction of  waste  into  products  useful 
to  the  individual  and  to  society.  A  good 
introduction  to  the  subject  would  be  a 
glance  at  one  or  more  of  the  books  written 
to  express  the  efficiency  movement  as  ap- 
plied to  the  business  and  industrial  world. 
For  example,  the  preface  to  the  Twelve 
Principles  of  Efficiency,  by  Harrington  Em- 
erson; chapter  II  (National  Efficiencies) 
in  Emerson's  Efficiency  as  a  Basis  for  Op- 
eration and  Wages;  Motion  Study,  by  F.  B. 
Gilbreth  and  The  Principles  of  Scientific 
Management,  by  F.  W.  Taylor. 


70  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

I — ^Waste  of  the  Earth  in  Agriculture 

America  a  land  of  inexhaustible  resources, 
in  the  time  of  the  early  colonies.  Loss  of 
the  essential  elements  of  the  soil.  Insects, 
plant  diseases  and  weeds.  Conservation 
through  good  laws.  Improved  farming  im- 
plements. Government  experiment  sta- 
tions. The  instruction  of  farmers  by  the 
government  and  universities.  The  teaching 
of  agriculture  in  schools  and  colleges.  In- 
tensive farming.  The  U.  S.  Department  of 
Agriculture,  its  publications  and  work. 
How  clubs  may  help  in  the  work  of  recla- 
mation. 

2 — ^Waste  of  the  Earth  in  the  Forest 

A  study  of  the  tree  and  its  function  in 
nature.  Historic  trees.  Destruction  of 
forests.  Original  and  existing  forests.  Pub- 
lic and  private  forests.  Forest  tires  and 
methods  of  prevention.  Insect  pests  and 
their  extermination.  Compare  foreign  and 
American  care  of  forests.  The  shade  tree 
commission  and  public  care  of  parks  and 
trees.     The  United  States  Bureau  of  For- 


PROGRAMS  71 

estry,    its   work   and    publications.      How 
dubs  may  help  in  the  work  of  saving  trees. 

3 — ^Waste  of  the  Earth,  in  Water 

Sources  of  the  supply  in  different  sec- 
tions. Dry  sands  and  wet  sands.  Irriga- 
tion. Reclaiming  wet  lands.  Water  power 
and  its  ownership  or  control.  A  sane  busi- 
ness policy  vs.  politics  in  relation  to  water 
supply,  transportation  and  water  front 
privileges. 

4 — ^Waste  of  the  Earth,  in  Mineral  Re- 
sources 

Fuels:  coal,  peat,  petroleum  and  natural 
gas.  Ownership  and  control.  Waste  in 
mining  and  transportation.  Regulation  of 
cost.  Public  coal  lands.  Wasteful  use  of 
natural  gas  and  fuel.  Metals  and  the  cost 
of  mining.  Government  ownership  or 
control  of  mines  and  mining. 

5 — ^Waste  of  the  Earth,  in  Animals 

The  extermination  of  game.  Fur  bearing 
and  great  marine  animals.    The  vanishing 


72  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

bird  supply.  The  decreasing  fish  supply. 
Destructive  insects  and  birds  of  value  in 
the  destruction  of  other  harmful  pests.  The 
government's  part  in  protecting  animals. 

6 — The   Waste    of    Public    Lands    and 

Privileges,  of  Public  Money  and  of 

Property,  and  Human  Lives 

Study  a  policy  to  conserve  the  same. 

7 — Fire 

An  American  extravagance.  Marvelous 
equipment  and  service,  but  no  adequate 
prevention.  Study  public  and  private  pre- 
ventive methods. 

8 — Care  of  the  Body 

Adjustment  of  the  physical  school  to  the 
physical  child.  Confinement  indoors  and 
bodily  inaction.  Desks,  seats  and  food. 
The  Montessori  method.  Outdoor  schools. 
School  doctors  and  nurses  and  their 
preventive  methods.  Defectives  and  the 
deformed  trained  to    be    useful   members 


PROGRAMS  73 

of  society.  District  nurses  and  public 
clinics  as  preventives  of  disease.  The  value 
of  recreation  and  sports  for  young  and  old. 

9 — Disease  and  Abnormalities 

Scientific  study  by  Koch,  Pasteur,  Car- 
rel, Metchnikoff  and  others,  who  are  study- 
ing to  restrict,  destroy  and  weaken  the 
parasites  which  invade  the  body  and  give 
rise  to  disease.  Study  some  of  the  new 
ideas  in  conservation  which  tend  toward 
the  development,  preservation  and  inherit- 
ance of  sound  and  healthy  bodies.  The 
study  of  eugenics. 

lo — Preventive  Methods 

Trades  which  are  injurious.  Child  labor. 
Long  working  hours.  Preventable  acci- 
dents. Improper  protection  in  factories. 
Study  preventive  methods. 

1 1 — Criminals 

The  cost  of  criminals  to  their  families, 
their  victims  and  to  the  tax  payers.    Study 


74  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

methods  to  make  criminals  pay  back  to  the 
community  the  cost  of  crime.  Remedial 
measures  in  the  treatment  of  delinquents. 
First  offenders.  The  Children's  Court,  Big 
Brothers,  and  other  helpful  associations. 

12 — ^Waste  in  Education 

Lack  of  moral  training  and  respect  for  law. 
The  normal  and  abnormal  child  in  the 
public  school.  What  is  education?  What 
we  should  expect  of  our  schools  and  what 
we  get.  The  money  spent  through  ineffi- 
cient and  unbusinesslike  methods  in  the 
organization  of  school  boards  and  manage- 
ment. 

13 — Business  Methods  in  Public  Affairs 

Street  cleaning.  The  disposal  of  garbage 
and  sewerage.  Can  this  be  made  to  pay? 
The  Commission-Manager  form  of  govern- 
ment for  efficiency  in  principle  and  opera- 
tion. 

14 — ^Waste  in  Philanthropy 

Many  institutions  doing  the  same  work. 
Hospitals,  orphan  asylums,  almshouses,  day 


PROGRAMS  75 

nurseries,  employment  bureaus,  lodging 
houses,  etc.  Cooperation  and  a  general 
clearing  house.  Saving  in  expense,  time 
and  energy. 

IS — The  Home 

Architecture  in  relation  to  surroundings 
and  internal  comforts.  The  relation  of  the 
kitchen  to  the  house.  Its  arrangement  for 
efficiency.  Labor-saving  devices  and  the 
elimination  of  non-essentials.  The  relation 
of  mistress  and  maid  for  business  and  effi- 
cient service. 

1 6 — The  Food  Supply 

Milk  and  bakeries.  Markets  and  gro- 
ceries. How  to  buy  and  how  to  work  for 
sanitary  and  honest  supplies.  The  House- 
wives' League.  The  white  listing  of  clean- 
liness vs.  blacklisting  of  dirt. 

17 — ^WoMAN  AND  Dress 

Waste  in  the  pursuit  of  the  latest  fad  in 
fashion.    Lack  of  dignity  and  repose  in  the 


76  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

adoption  of  any  mode  which  may  be  forced 
on  women  by  dressmakers  and  textile 
manufacturers.  A  sane  attitude  toward 
fashion's  decrees  and  study  of  one's  own 
possibilities  in  face,  figure  and  coloring.  A 
study  of  posture  and  carriage  to  insure 
efficiency  in  health  and  good  looks.  Health- 
cure  and  physical  culture  fads. 


1 8 — Esthetic  Standards 

Waste  in  imaginary  obligations  toward 
the  latest  novelties  in  the  world  of  art. 
The  latest  "best  sellers",  "recent  verse", 
architectural  vagaries,  music,  painting  and 
sculpture  of  the  newest  schools.  A  study  of 
culture;  what  it  is  and  what  it  is  not. 


19 — Manners 

Foreign  criticism  of  American  manners, 
speech  and  customs — are  they  deserved? 
What  may  be  learned  from  Ourselves  as 
Others  See  Us.  Loss  of  power  from  rest- 
lessness and  nervousness.     Efficiency  and 


PROGRAMS  77 

self-control.     Poise  and  reserve  as  factors 
in  the  conservation  of  force. 

Note:  During  the  entire  program  each  stu- 
dent should  be  watchful  to  bring  to  the  meetings 
an  item  relating  to  the  use  of  waste  products. 
These  items  are  to  be  found  in  current  periodicals 
and  newspapers.  See  especially  Popular  Mechan- 
ics^ The  Technical  World,  and  departments  in  the 
Independent,  Literary  Digest  and  other  magazines. 

CONSULT 

Bulletin,  issued  by  the  Special  Libraries  Asso- 
ciation (93  Broad  Street,  Boston),  gives  lists  of 
books  and  articles  on  all  phases  of  efficiency; 

The  Conservation  of  Natural  Resources  in  the 
U.  S.,  by  C.  R.  Van  Hise; 

Our  Wasteful  Nation,  by  Rudolph  Cronau; 

The  Fight  for  Conservation,  by  Gifford  Pinchot; 

The  Price  of  Inefficiency,  by  Frank  Koester; 

Modem  Philanthropy,  by  Wm.  H.  Allen; 

Euthenics,  the  Science  of  Controllable  Environ- 
ment, by  Ellen  Richards; 

Correction  and  Prevention,  by  C.  R.  Henderson; 

The  Elimination  of  the  Tramp,  by  Edmond  Kelly; 

Scientific  Management  in  Education,  by  J.  M. 
Rice; 

Human  Efficiency,  by  H.  W.  Dresser; 

The  Young  Malefactor,  by  Thomas  Travis; 

The  Walled  City:  A  Story  of  the  Criminal 
Insane,  by  Edward  Huntington  Williams; 


78  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

Education  for  Efficiency, by  Eugene  Davenport; 

Human  Efficiency,  by  C.  W.  Eliot; 

Moral  Principles  in  Education,  by  John  Dewey; 

Efficiency  and  Relief,  by  E.  T.  Devine; 

Efficiency  in  City  Government,  by  Wm.  H.  Allen ; 

Ethical  and  Moral  Instruction  in  Schools,  by  G. 
H.  Palmer; 

Sex  Equality,  by  Emmett  Densmore; 

The  Efficient  Life,  by  L.  H.  Gulick; 

Psychology  of   Industrial  Efficiency,   by   Hugo 
Muensterberg; 

Open  Air  Schools,  by  L.  P.  Ayres; 

Laggards  in  Our  Schools,  by  L.  P.  Ayres; 

The  Montessori  Method,  by  Dr.   Maria  Mon- 
tessori; 

The  Montessori  Mother,  by  Dorothy  Canfield 
Fisher; 

Woman,    Marriage  and  Motherhood,  by  Eliza- 
beth Chesser; 

How  200  Children  Live  and  Learn,  by  R.  R. 
Reeder; 

How  to  Live  on  Twenty-four  Hours  a  Day,  by 
Arnold  Bennett; 

Mental  Efficiency,  by  Arnold  Bennett; 

Fatigue  and  Efficiency,  by  G.  C.  Goldmark; 

The  New  Industrial  Day,  by  W.  C.  Redfield; 
Social    Environment    and  Moral    Progress,    by 
Alfred  Russell  Wallace; 

Imaginary  Obligations,  by  F.  M.  Colby; 

The  Lost  Art  of  Reading,  by  G.  S.  Lee; 


PROGRAMS  79 

Motion  Picture  Study  in  the  Household,  by  Frank 
B.  Gilbreth  in  the  Scientific  American  £or  April  73, 
19 1 2,  and  Journal  oj  Home  Economics ^  December, 
1912; 

The  Declaration  of  Principles  for  Conservation  of 
National  Resources  (adopted  by  the  conference  of 
Governors  of  States  and  Territories  which  met  at 
the  White  House,  May  13,  1908); 

Increasing  Home  Efficiency,  by  M.  B.  and  R.  W. 
Bruere; 

Conversation:  What  to  Say  and  How  to  Say 
It,  by  Mary  Greer  Conklin; 

Household  Engineering,  by  Mrs.  Frank  A. 
Pattison; 

The  New  Housekeeping,  by  Mrs.  C.  M.  Frederick; 

For  books  on  special  phases  of  this  topic  consult 
the  index. 

The  Efficiency  Society,  41  Park  Row,  New  York 
City,  is  composed  of  men  and  women  who  are  work- 
ing for  efficient  results. 


8o  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 


The  Greek  Drama 


Make   an   outline   study  of  the  Greeks, 
their  religion  and  festivals. 


Study  the  Greek  theater,  actors  and  act- 
ing; state  control  of  the  drama,  judges, 
prizes  and  chorus. 

3 

Study  the  Greek  lyric  poem.  Analyze  the 
drama  growing  out  of  the  lyric,  particularly 
the  dithyramb  chorus.  See  The  Beautiful 
Song  of  Dionysus. 

4 
Thespis,     'Hhe    inventor    of    tragedy". 
Phrynichus,   Choerilus,    Pratinas  and  ^s- 
chylus  as  introducers  of  the  dialogue. 

S 
The  Dorian  comedy,  which  was  possibly 
invented  by  the  Megarians.     Epicharmus 
in  Sicily.    Susarion.    The  Comus. 


PROGRAMS  8l 

6 

The  Greek  dramatists  as  musical  com- 
posers as  well  as  poets.  The  orchestra  and 
movements  of  the  chorus.  In  the  Greek 
drama  poetry  is  first,  music  second.  Com- 
pare with  Wagner's  Niebelungen  Ring, 
where  music  is  first  and  poetry  second. 

7 
iEschylus,  his  life  and  the  character  of 
his  times.    His   seven    dramas.    Study  his 
art. 

8 
Sophocles,  his  life  and  his  expression  of 
the  age  in  which  he  lived.    Changes  intro- 
duced by  him  in  the  drama.    His  works. 

9 

Euripides,  his  life  and  character.  Changes 
introduced  by  him  in  tragedy  and  music. 
His  works  and  art.  Compare  with  the 
French  stage  to  trace  the  influence  of  Eurip- 
ides on  comedy. 

lO 

Aristophanes  and  Greek  comedy.  His 
life  and  times.    The  Comus,  or  merry  pro- 


82  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

cession,  in  honor  of  Dionysus.  The  Para- 
basis.  The  comic  poets  of  antiquity.  Cra- 
tinus  (519-421  B.C.).  Eupolis  (446-410 
B.C.).  The  nature  of  old  Attic  comedy. 
The  works  of  Aristophanes  and  his  art. 

II 

The  later  history  of  Greek  comedy. 

CONSULT 

The  History  of  Greece,  by  George  Grote;  also 
the  history  by  Ernst  Curtius; 

New  Chapters  in  Greek  History,  by  Percy  Gard- 
ner; 

History  of  Greek  Literature,  by  F.  B.  Jevons; 

Classical  Greek  Literature,  by  J.  P.  Mahaffy; 

Classical  Greek  Poetry,  by  R.  C.  Jebb; 

The  Theater  of  the  Greeks,  by  J.  W.  Donaldson; 

The  Attic  Theater,  by  A.  Haigh; 

The  Tragic  Drama  of  the  Greeks,  by  A.  Haigh; 

i^schylus,  by  R.  S.  Copleston; 

Euripides,  by  W.  B.  Dunne; 

Aristophanes,  by  W.  L.  Collins; 

Sophocles,  by  C.  W.  Collins; 

The  Greek  Drama,  by  Alfred  Bates  (in  his  "The 
Drama"); 

The  Greek  Theater,  by  Pierre  Brumoy. 


PROGRAMS  83 

The  Kitchen:  Food  and  its  Preparation 

I — ^An  Efficiency  Study  of  the  Physical 
Kitchen 

Architectiiral  blunders.  Inconveniences. 
The  arrangement  of  stove,  sink  and  closets. 
The  saving  of  steps,  time  and  labor  by  the 
proper  adjustment  of  kitchen  and  tools. 
The  automatic  side  of  kitchen  life.  Its  re- 
lation to  the  rest  of  the  house.  Noises, 
odors,  etc. 

2 — Substitutes  for  Cooking  in  the  Home 

The  problems  it  raises.  Attempts  at  so- 
lutions. Foods  prepared  outside  the  house. 
Public  bakeries.  Cooperative  kitchens  for 
separate  houses.  Apartment  houses  with  a 
common  dining-room.  The  effect  on  the 
home  of  bringing  in  meals  and  going  out  for 
meals. 

3 — Conditions  Inside  the  Kitchen 

The  hygiene  of  the  kitchen.  Sanitation 
in  food  and  cooking.  Bacteriology  in  rela- 
tion to  food  and  its  preparation.    The  chem- 


84  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

istry  of  food.     Waste  and  poor  selection. 
According  to  season,  etc.    Poor  preparation. 

4 — Conditions  Outside  the  Kitchen 

The  adulteration  of  food.  Transportation 
and  cold  storage.  Marketing.  The  sanita- 
tion of  slaughter-houses.  Markets,  baker- 
ies, dairies,  canneries,  etc.  The  House- 
wives' League. 

5 — How  Other  People  Cook 

Pood  and  cooking  in  England,  Germany 
and  France.  Lessons  from  national  food 
material  and  dishes.  The  foods  of  Chinese 
coolies.  East  India  workmen,  Italian  peas- 
ants, German  peasants,  German  workmen, 
American  farmers,  American  and  English 
workmen. 

6 — The  Family  Fare 

The  best  weekly  fare  for  the  average 
American  family  regardless  of  expense. 
The  best  obtainable  weekly  fare  by  a  fam- 
ily of  five  on  an  income,  for  food,  of  $6  per 
week. 


PROGRAMS  85 

CONSULT 

The  Home,  by  A.  P.  S.  Oilman; 

Toilers  of  the  Home,  by  L.  Pettengill; 

The  House,  Its  Plan,  Decoration  and  Care,  by 
I.  Bevier; 

Household  Management,  by  B.  M.  Terrill; 

Principles  of  Cooking,  by  A.  Barrows; 

Household  Hygiene,  by  S.  M.  Elliott; 

Chemistry  of  the  Household,  by  M.  E.  Todd; 

Food  Products  of  the  World,  by  M.  .E.  Green; 

The  Science  of  Nutrition,  by  E.  Atkinson; 

Farmer's  Bulletins,  by  the  U.  S.  Department  of 
Agriculture; 

Food  and  Dietetics,  by  A.  P.  Morton; 

The  New  Housekeeping,  by  Mrs.  C.  M.  Fred- 
erick; 

Poole's  Index  to  Periodical  Literature; 

Domestic  Blunders  of  Women,  by  Augustus 
Moore; 

The  Making  of  a  Housewife,  by  Isabel  Curtis; 

The  Library  of  Home  Economics  (twelve  vol- 
umes) ; 

Increasing  Home  Efficiency,  by  M.  B.  and  R.  W. 
Bruere; 

Motion  Study  in  the  Household,  by  F.  B.  Gil- 
breth  in  the  Scientific  American j  April,  19 13,  and 
in  Home  Economics ,  December,  1912; 

See  also  list  of  books  on  Woman  as  Housekeeper. 


86  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

The  Modern  Novel 

I 
The  development  (or  history)  of  the  novel 
as  a  form  of  literature. 

2 

The  rise  of  the  analytic  novel.  Fielding, 
Richardson,  Jane  Austen  and  their  con- 
temporaries. 

3 
The  romantic  novel.    Scott,  Hugo,  Dumas 
and  Goethe.     The  revival  in  Stevenson  and 
Kipling. 

4 
The  school  of  realism.    TroUope,  George 
Eliot,    Reade,    Dickens,    Bronte,    Balzac, 
Zola,  Tolstoi,  Gorky,  Hardy,  Howells,  Shaw, 
Sudermann  and  Arnold  Bennett. 

S 

Psychologic  introspection  in  novels.    Mrs. 

Gaskell,  George  Eliot,  Meredith,  Paul  Bour- 

get,  Henry  James,  Edith  Wharton,  George 

Moore,  Hewlett,  Galsworthy  and  De  Morgan. 

6 
Temperamental    expression    and    formal 
beauty.    Flaubert,  Daudet  and  Pierre  Loti. 


PROGRAMS  87 

7 

Social  forces  as  expressed  in  the  modem 
novel.  The  novel  as  an  educator.  Charles 
Dickens  and  social  reforms;  his  position  as 
an  educational  reformer;  the  prominence 
given  in  his  books  to  child  training  in  homes, 
schools  and  institutions.  Thackeray;  his 
expression  of  social  unrest  in  high  life  and 
his  revolt  against  the  representation  of  life 
in  a  false  light  in  fiction.  Charles  Reade  and 
his  relation  to  the  abuses  of  the  day. 
Charles  Kingsley  and  Christian  socialism. 
George  Eliot  and  the  awakening  of  the  social 
conscience  in  the  individual.  Mrs.  Hum- 
phry Ward  and  the  social  conscience  of 
groups  of  people.  Writers  who  express 
some  phase  of  the  spirit  of  today. 

8 
The  novel  as  literature;  a  critical  review. 
Writers  who  neglect  artistic  structure  to 
present  ideas  in  science,  religion,  economy 
or  philanthropy.  Poor  writers  who  do  not 
understand  literary  forms.  Literary  master- 
pieces. 


88  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

CONSULT 

The  English  Novel  and  the  Principles  of  its  De- 
velopment, by  S.  Lanier; 

Development  of  English  Literature  and  Language, 
byA.  H.Welsh; 

Evolution  of  the  English  Novel,  by  R.  H.  Stod- 
dard; 

Development  of  the  English  Novel  (especially 
eighteenth  and  nineteenth  century),  by  W.  L.  Cross; 

Social  Ideals  in  English  Letters,  by  V.  Scudder; 

Modern  Guides  of  English  Thought,  by  R.  H. 
Hutton; 

British  Novelists  and  their  Styles,  by  D.  Masson; 

Pen  Pictures  of  Modern  Authors,  by  W.  Shepard; 

Essays  in  Literary  Criticism,  by  R.  H.  Hutton; 

History  of  the  Novel  Previous  to  the  Seventeenth 
Century,  by  F.  M.  Warren; 

Studies  in  Early  Victorian  Literature,  by  Fred- 
eric Harrison; 

Studies  of  Prose  Fiction,  by  Bliss  Perry; 

The  English  Novel,  by  W.  A.  Raleigh; 

History  of  Prose  Fiction  from  Greek  Times  to 
the  End  of  the  Eighteenth  Century,  by  J.  C.  Dunlop; 

History  of  English  Prose  Fiction,  by  Bayard 
Tuckerman; 

Early  Prose  Romances,  by  Henry  Morley; 

The  Novel,  What  It  Is,  by  F.  M.  Crawford; 

Criticism  of  Fiction,  by  W.  D.  Howells; 

Technique  of  the  Novel,  by  C.  F.  Home; 

Poole's  Index  to  Periodical  Literature. 


PROGRAMS  89 

Modern  Thought — Main  Currents  in 

the  Movements  of  the  Day- 
It  is  suggested  that  these  subjects  be 
not  taken  up  profoundly,  but  rather  that 
an  investigation  be  made  of  the  spirit  of 
each  movement,  and  not  of  its  history.  The 
idea  of  this  program  is  to  awaken  interest 
in  different  phases  of  human  activities 
rather  than  to  add  to  one's  memory  of  facts 
and  historical  data.  The  topics  may  be 
subdivided  or  combined  according  to  the 
number  of  meetings.  Short  papers  and  dis- 
cussion are  recommended.  Extract  the 
core  of  the  topic  and  get  the  real  meaning 
of  the  movement. 

Literature 

The  modem  novel  and  the  old  as  to  style, 
subject  and  treatment.  Life  of  today  ex- 
pressed in  fiction.  Trace  common  traits  of 
style  and  workmanship  in  the  stories  of 
Bourget,  Meredith,  Henry  James  and  Mrs. 
Wharton.  Is  the  love  of  art  and  poetry 
declining?  The  spirit  of  the  modern  drama  as 
exemplified  by  Sudermann,  Ibsen,  Maeter- 


90  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

linck,  Shaw  and  others.  Writers  who  are 
influencing  their  age.  See  Poole's  Index 
and  The  Reader's  Guide  for  magazine  arti- 
cles on  these  subjects  and  all  those  to  follow. 

Music 

The  development  of  musical  instruments, 
mechanical  players,  etc.  Musical  art  and 
sentiment  as  shown  in  modem  music.  Com- 
posers who  influence  their  age,  such  as 
Wagner,  Brahms,  Richard  Strauss  and  De- 
bussy. The  opera  and  its  presentation  as 
a  modem  phase. 

CONSULT 

Music  of  Tomorrow  and  Phases  of  Modern 
Music,  by  Lawrence  Oilman; 

History  of  Modem  Music,  by  L.  C.  Elson; 

Chapters  of  Opera,  by  H.  E.  Krehbiel; 

Mezzotints  in  Modern  Music,  by  James  Huneker; 

The  Story  of  Music,  What  is  Good  Music  and 
How  Music  Developed,  by  W.  J.  Henderson; 

Stars  of  the  Opera,  by  Mabel  Wagnalls. 

Fine  Arts 

Tendencies  in  European  art.  The  art 
and  value  of  the  illustrator  and  cartoonist. 


PROGRAMS  91 

The  Arts  and  Crafts  movement.     Define 
American  art. 

CONSULT 

The  Art  of  Caricature,  by  Grant  Wright; 

English  Book  Illustration,  by  R.  E.  D.  Sketchley; 

Modem  Art,  by  Richard  Muther; 

Childhood  of  Art,  by  H.  G.  Spearing; 

New  Tendencies  in  Art,  by  H.  L.  Poore; 

The  Arts  and  Crafts  Movement,  by  T.  J.  Cobden- 
Sanderson; 

Some  Chapters  in  the  History  of  the  Arts  and 
Crafts  Movement,  by  O.  L.  Triggs; 

Art  for  Life's  Sake,  by  C.  H.  Caffin; 

Art  and  Common-sense,  by  Royal  Cortissoz. 

Religion 

The  influence  upon  each  other  of  Eastern 
and  Western  thought.  The  Church  and 
institutional  work.  The  Sabbath  and  recre- 
ation.   The  liquor  question. 

,      CONSULT 

The  Scientific  Basis  of  Sabbath  and  Sunday,  by 
R.  J.  Floody; 

Liquor  Problem,  by  J.  S.  Billings  and  others; 

The  Saloon  Problem  and  Social  Reform,  by  J.  M. 
Barlow; 


92  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

The  Day  of  the  Country  Church,  by  J.  O. 
Ashenhurst; 

The  Saloon  under  the  Searchlight,  by  G.  R. 
Stuart; 

Forward  Movement  of  the  Last  Half  Century, 
by  Arthur  T.  Pierson; 

American  Social  and  Religious  Conditions,  by 
Charles  Stelzle. 

Medicine  and  Psychology 

Fads  in  food  and  treatment.  The  mental 
cure  of  disease.  Mrs.  Eddy  and  The  Em- 
manuel Movement.    Psychotherapy. 

CONSULT 

Health,  Strength  and  Happiness,  by  C.  W. 
Saleeby; 

The  Hygiene  of  the  Mind,  by  T.  S.  Clouston; 

Health  and  Happiness,  by  Samuel  Fallows; 

Mind,  Religion  and  Health,  by  Robert  Macdonald; 

The  Influence  of  the  Mind  on  the  Body,  by 
Paul  Dubois; 

The  Education  of  the  Will,  by  Jules  Payot; 

Religion  and  Medicine,  by  El  wood  Worcester; 

The  Psychic  Treatment  of  Nervous  Disorders 
by  Paul  DuBois; 

Mind  and  Brain,  by  Elmer -Gates; 

Hypnotic  Therapeutics,  by  J.  D.  Quackenbos; 

Instinct  and  Health,  by  Woods  Hutchinson; 


PROGRAMS  93 

Common-Sense  View  of  the  Mind  Cure,  by 
Laara  M.  Westall; 

The  Unconscious  Mind,  by  Alfred  T.  Schofield; 

Mind  and  Health,  by  E.  S.  Weaver; 

Nervous  Breakdowns  and  How  to  Avoid  Them, 
by  Charles  D.  Musgrove; 

Psychology  and  Individual  Efficiency,  by  Hugo 
Miinsterberg. 

Science  and  Philosophy 

The  wireless  age;  a  glance  ahead.  New 
applications  of  electricity.  Modem  meth- 
ods of  transportation  and  communication. 
Seismograph.  The  Rockefeller  Institute. 
Professor  Carrel  and  his  work.  The  Dar- 
winian theory.  Alfred  Russell  Wallace. 
Henri  Fabre.  Evolution,  religion  and  sci- 
ence. Henri  Bergson  and  William  James. 
Luther  Burbank  and  plant  life.  New  dis- 
coveries, radium,  etc. 

CONSULT 

Biology  and  Its  Makers,  by  W.  A.  Locy; 
Last  Words  on  Evolution,  by  E.  H.  Haeckel; 
Progress  of  the  Century,  by  A.  R.  Wallace; 
New  Creations  in  Plant  Life,  the  Life  and  Work 
of  Burbank,  by  W.  S.  Harwood. 


94  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

Sociology 

Municipal  housekeeping  and  municipal 
control  of  utilities.  Boards  of  health  and 
the  enforcement  of  ordinances  against  ex- 
pectoration, noises,  nuisances,  etc.  Garbage 
disposal.    Municipal  art. 

CONSULT 

The  Improvement  of  Towns  and  Cities,  by  C.  M. 
Robinson ; 

Modern  Civic  Art,  by  C.  M.  Robinson; 

The  City  the  Hope  of  Democracy,  by  F.  C.  Howe; 

American  Municipal  Progress,  by  Charles  Zueblin ; 

A  Decade  of  Civic  Development,  by  Charles 
Zueblin; 

Municipal  Control  of  Public  Utilities,  by  C.  L. 
Pond; 

Municipal  Ownership,  by  Major  L.  Darwin; 

The  Uprising  of  the  Many,  by  C.  E.  Russell. 

Socialism  and  Collectivism  versus 
Single  Tax 

Cooperative  schemes.  Philosophical  an- 
archy. Immigration  and  its  problems. 
Syndicalism. 


PROGRAMS  95 

CONSULT 

Three  Acres  and  Liberty,  by  Bolton  Hall; 

Immigration,  by  P.  F.  Hall; 

Labor  Copartnership,  by  H.  D.  Lloyd; 

(Socialism  Made  Plain,  by  A.  L.  Benson; 

Social  Unrest,  by  J.  G.  Brooks; 

Socialism  in  Theory  and  Practice,  by  Morris 
Hillquit; 

The  Condition  of  Labor,  by  Henry  George 

Crowds,  by  G.  S.  Lee; 

The  Individual  and  Society,  by  J.  M.  Baldwin; 

Social  Forces,  b^^  E.  T.  Devine; 

Social  Evolution  and  Political  Theory,  by  L.  T. 
Hobhouse ; 

Discovery  of  the  Future,  by  H.  G.  Wells; 

Mankind  in  the  Making,  by  H.  G.  Wells; 

Syndicalism,  Industrial  Unionism  and  Socialism, 
by  John  Spargo. 

See  also  list  under  SOCIOLOGY. 


History 

The  territorial  and  colonial  expansion  of 
the  United  States.  Changes  and  unrest  in 
modem  governments.  The  peace  move- 
ment. Leading  statesmen  of  the  day  and 
their  policies. 


96  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

CONSULT 

Poole's  Index; 

Newer  Ideals  of  Peace,  by  Jane  Addams; 

The  Arbiter  in  Counsel  (published  by  Mac- 
millan) ; 

Ethics  of  Force,  by  H.  E.  Warner; 

Territorial  Growth  of  the  United  States,  by 
William  A.  Mowry; 

Expansion  under  New  World  Conditions,  by 
Josiah  Strong. 

Education 

Child  study.  Manners  and  the  home 
training  of  children.  Recreation.  Chil- 
dren's reading.  The  Juvenile  delinquent, 
Juvenile  courts  and  reform  schools.  The 
cottage  system  for  asylums  and  reform  work. 
The  Kindergarten  and  Montessori  Systems, 
their  relation  to  elementary,  secondary 
and  vocational  education.  Coeducation. 
Industrial  and  manual  training.  Technical, 
business,  trade  and  vocational  schools. 

CONSULT 

The  Psychology  of  Child  Development,  by 
Irving  King; 

Youth,  by  G.  Stanley  Hall; 


PROGRAMS  97 

Development  of  the  Child,  by  Nathan  Oppen- 
heim; 

Health-Care  of  the  Baby,  by  Louis  Fischer; 

The  Training  of  the  Human  Plant,  by  Luther 
Burbank; 

The  Young  Malefactor,  by  Thomas  Travis; 

The  Administration  and  Educational  Work  of 
Juvenile  Reform  Schools,  by  D.  S.  Snedder; 

The  Delinquent  Child  and  the  Home,  by  S.  P. 
Breckenridge; 

Pedagogical  Anthropology,  by  Maria  Montessori; 

Poole's  Index; 

Aspects  of  Child  Life  and  Education,  by  G. 
Stanley  Hall; 

The  Care  and  Training  of  Children,  by  Le 
Grand  Kerr; 

The  Child  and  the  Curriculum,  by  John  Dewey; 

Beginnings  in  Industrial  Education,  by  P.  H. 
Hanus; 

Our  Children,  Our  Schools  and  Our  Industries,  by 
A.  S.  Draper; 

Educational  and  Industrial  Evolution,  by  F.  T. 
Carlton; 

See  also  Hst  under  SCHOOL  SYSTEMS,  and 
CHILDREN'S  LITERATURE. 

Philanthropy  and  Welfare  Work 

Modem  philanthropy  in  its  constructive 
aspect   as   compared  with   old-time   alms- 


98  CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

giving.  Settlement  work.  The  Associated 
Charities  Bureau.  Friendly  visitors.  Dis- 
trict nursing.  Workrooms.  Woodyards. 
Municipal  employment  bureaus.  Legal  Aid 
Associations.  The  Consimiers'  League.  So- 
cial Settlements.  Care  of  Dependent  Chil- 
dren. Defectives:  the  blind,  deaf,  feeble- 
minded, maimed  and  insane.  The  Federal 
children's  bureau.  Child  labor.  Institutions 
for  the  criminal  classes.  Prison  reform. 
Probation  system.    Reform  schools. 

CONSULT 

Friendly  Visiting  among  the  Poor,  by  Mary  E. 
Richmond; 

Social  Settlements,  by  C.  R.  Henderson; 

Philanthropy  and  Social  Progress,  by  Jane  Ad- 
dams  and  others; 

Betterment,  Individual,  Social  and  Industrial,  by 
E.  W.  Cook; 

Modem  Methods  of  Charity,  by  C.  P.  Henderson 
and  others; 

Constructive  and  Preventive  Philanthropy,  by 
Joseph  Lee; 

Principles  of  Relief,  by  E.  T.  Devine; 

Poverty,  by  Robert  Hunter; 

In  Loco  Parentis,  by  Rev.  M.  G.  Vine; 


PROGRAMS  99 

The  Bitter  Cry  of  the  Children,  by  Mrs.  Van 
Vorst; 

The  Right  of  the  Child  to  be  Well  Born,  by 
George  E.  Dawson; 

Charities  and  Corrections,  Proceedings  and  Re- 
views; 

The  Care  of  Destitute,  Neglected  and  Delinquent 
Children,  by  Homer  Folks; 

National  Child  Labor  Committee's  Reports; 

International  Prison  Commission  Reports; 

Proceedings  of  the  National  Conference  of  Chari- 
ties and  Correction; 

The  Progress  of  Eugenics,  by  C.  W.  Saleeby, 
M.  D.; 

Punishment  and  Reformation,    by  F.  H.  Wines. 

See  also  list  under  SOCIOLOGY. 


100        CLUB  WOMAN»S  HANDYBOOK 

The  Renaissance— its  Geogfraphical  Results 

I 
Outline  study  of  the  revival  of  learning. 
Geographers  of  old.  Strabo  and  Ptolemy. 
The  discoveries  of  Copernicus,  Kepler  and 
Galileo.  (Consult  The  Holy  Roman  Em- 
pire, by  James  Bryce.) 

2 

Early  discoveries  of  America.  The  Norse- 
men; why  they  did  not  stay.  Columbus  and 
what  his  voyage  proved  to  navigators.  The 
Italian  navigators.  (Consult:  The  Discov- 
ery of  America,  by  John  Fiske.) 

3 

The   old   maps   of   Toscanelli.     Johann 

Ruysch  (1508).     The  Lenox  Globe  (about 

1 5 10).      The    globe    of    Orontius    Finaeus 

(1531).     Kaufmann,  Mercator  and  others. 

4 

The  1 6th  century.  The  transition  from 
medieval  to  modem  political  conditions. 
The  opening  up  of  the  whole  world.  New 
knowledge  of  the  earth. 


PROGRAMS  lOi 

5 

The  Portuguese  pioneers  in  Asia.  Their 
ultimate  failure  in  the  East  after  pointing 
out  the  route  to  Asia  by  way  of  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope.    The  Spanish  navigators. 

6 
The   Elizabethan   navigators.     Contrast 
English  and  Spanish  settlers  and  colonists. 

CONSULT 
The  Discovery  of  America,  by  John  Fiske; 
The  Winning  of  the  West,  by  Theodore  Roosevelt; 
The   Voyages  of  Elizabethan  Seamen,  by  E.  J. 
Payne; 

Westward  Ho,  by  Charles  Kingsley 

7 
Other  navigators.  The  Swedes  on  the 
Delaware.  The  Dutch  on  the  Hudson.  The 
French  laying  the  foundations  upon  which 
others  built.  Huguenot  settlements  in 
America.  Russia's  march  across  Asia. 
Japan  under  Hideyoshi  curbing  the  power 
of  the  feudal  barons. 

CONSULT 
The  History  of  the  United  States,  by  Bancroft; 
The  History  of  the  United  States,  by  Higgin- 


102        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

8 

The  status  of  Europe  and  America  today 
as  to  colonies  and  settlers. 

CONSULT 

The  Renaissance,  by  J.  B.  Oldham; 

The  Story  of  the  Renaissance,  by  W.  H.  Hudson; 

The  CiviUzation  of  the  Renaissance  in  Italy,  by 
Jacob  Burckhardt; 

The  Romance  of  Discovery,  by  W.  E.  Griffis; 

Stories  of  Geographical  Discovery — How  the 
World  Became  Known,  by  Joseph  Jacobs; 

Portuguese  Discoveries,  Dependencies  and  Mis- 
sions in  Asia  and  Africa,  by  A.  J.  D.  D'Orsey; 

Italy's  War  for  a  Desert,  by  Francis  McCullagh. 


PROGRAMS  103 

School  Systems 

This  program  has  been  planned  to  bring 
about  an  intelligent  interest  in,  and  knowl- 
edge of,  the  public  school  systems  of  this 
and  other  countries.  Members  of  the  club 
should  visit  schools  freely,  talk  with  teach- 
ers and  principals  and  observe  work  in  the 
school  room.  The  object  of  these  visits 
should  be  to  learn  what  it  is  that  superin- 
tendents, principals  and  teachers  are  trying 
to  accomplish.  There  should  be  much  dis- 
cussion at  the  meetings.  Public  libraries 
will  furnish  lists  of  books  and  the  peda- 
gogical magazines  of  the  day.  There  are 
few  topics  so  important  for  the  women  of 
a  city  to  study  as  the  school  system  of  the 
United  States. 


The  Montessori  method.  Kindergarten 
and  primary  schools.  Play  and  pleasure. 
Are  they  incompatible  with  work,  duty, 
acquisition  and  growth?  Consideration  of 
the  transition  from  kindergarten  to  primary 
classes. 


I04        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 


Grammar  grades.  Adaptation  of  the 
work  of  the  schools  to  the  needs  both  of 
children  who  leave  at  14  and  those  who  go 
to  high  school.    Fads. 

3 
High  schools.  Problems  of  transition 
from  grammar  to  high  school  grades.  A 
rounded  course  for  boys  and  girls  who  will 
not  go  to  school  hereafter.  A  preparation 
for  college. 

4 
Manual  training  high  school.    Its  relation 
to   technical,    vocational    and   professional 
education. 

5 
Continuation    schools.      The    apprentice 
system.    Trade  schools.    Business  colleges. 

6 

Technical  schools.  Universities  and  col- 
leges. 

7 

Out  door  schools.  Experimental  schools. 
All     year     schools.       Ungraded     schools. 


PROGRAMS  105 

Schools  for  delinquents.     Schools  for  de- 
fectives.   Reform  schools. 

8 
Private  schools;  a  comparison  with  pub- 
lic schools.     Finishing  schools  for  young 
ladies. 

9 
Normal  schools.     The  kind  of  teachers 
we  ought  to  make. 

10 

Child  labor  laws  and  compulsory  educa- 
tion. Feeding  and  clothing  of  school  chil- 
dren. 

II 

Moral  education  or  children  in  school. 
Teaching  sex  chastity  and  citizenship. 

12 

Children's  literature.  Story  telling.  Lit- 
erature for  the  adolescent. 

13 
Boards  of  education.     School  architec- 
ture.   School  hygiene.    School  money. 


io6        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

CONSULT 

The  School  and  Its  Life,  by  C.  B.  Gilbert; 

The  School  and  Society,  by  John  Dewey; 

School  Civics,  by  F.  D.  Boynton; 

Pedagogical  Anthropology,  by  Dr.  Maria  Mon- 
tessori; 

Euthenics,  the  Science  of  Controllable  Environ- 
ment, by  Ellen  Richards; 

Social  Principles  of  Education,  by  C.  H.  Betts; 

Career  of  the  Child,  by  M.  P.  E.  Groszman; 

Educational  Problems,  by  G.  Stanley  Hall; 

Aspects  of  Child  Life  and  Education,  by  G.  Stan- 
ley Hall; 

School  Funds  and  their  Apportionment,  by  E.  P. 
Cubberly ; 

Among  School  Gardens,  by  M.  L.  Greene; 

Scientific  Management  of  Education,  by  J.  M. 
Rice; 

Agricultural  Education,  by  J.  R.  Jewell; 

Wider  Use  of  the  School  Plant,  by  C.  A.  Perry; 

Principles  of  Education,  by  F.  F.  Bolton; 

Annals  of  Educational  Progress,  published  yearly 
by  Lippincott; 

Education  for  Efficiency,  by  C.  W.  Eliot; 

Current  Educational  Activities,  by  J.  P.  Garber; 

See  books  under  TRAINING  OF  THE  HAND 
for  industrial  and  manual  education. 


PROGRAMS  107 


Sociology 

What  has  been,  what  is,  what  tends  to  be. 
This  outHne  of  a  program  on  Sociology  is 
not  intended  to  be  definite.  It  may  be  en- 
larged or  simplified.  The  club  may  use  it 
as  a  suggestion  for  the  direction  the  study 
may  take  and  the  topics  may  serve  as  an  in- 
dication of  some  of  the  leading  problems  of 
the  day.  The  books  recommended  will  as- 
sist in  filling  out  the  program  in  further 
fields.  The  idea  is  to  study  the  status  of 
movements,  not  details,  so  that  one  may  be 
led  to  an  intelligent  comprehension  of 
modem  affairs. 

1 
Man's  place  and  power  on  the  globe.  His 
relation  to  his  habitat.  The  extension  of 
his  power  due  to  improvement  in  society,  not 
in  the  individual.  Civilization  the  welding 
of  men  into  the  social  organization  or  eco- 
nomic body.  Knowledge  gained  from  co- 
operation. Development  of  the  social  man. 
Social  forces  active  in  social  changes. 


io8        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

CONSULT 

Science  of  Political  Economy,  Part  I,  by  Henry 
George; 

Foundations  of  Sociology,  by  E.  A.  Ross; 
Evolution  of  Industrial  Society,  by  R.  T.  Ely; 
Theory  of  Social  Forces,  by  S.  N.  Patton; 
Sociology,  by  John  Bascom. 


The  hunting  and  fishing  stage  of  the  race. 
The  pastoral  and  agricultural.  Develop- 
ment of  handicraft.  The  industrial  classes. 
The  military  era  one  of  concentration.  The 
industrial  era  one  of  diffusion.  (Same  refer- 
ences as  above.) 

3 

The  family:  its  meaning  as  an  institution 
in  human  society.  Its  development  and 
function  in  the  past.  The  influence  of  the 
modem  family  as  an  institution  in  social 
life.  (Consult:  The  Family,  by  Helen  Bos- 
anquet.)  The  nation:  its  origin,  growth, 
rights  and  normal  powers.  The  nation's  re- 
lation to  other  nations.  The  nation  and 
the  family.  The  nation  and  the  individual. 
(Consult:  The  Nation,  by  Elisha  Mulford.) 


PROGRAMS  109 

4 
Social  laws.  Units  and  groups.  The  mob 
mind.  The  struggle  between  classes,  cor- 
porations and  parties  for  the  advancement 
of  their  respective  interests.  Class  divi- 
sions. Unequal  opportunities.  Monopoly. 
Cooperation  conscious  and  unconscious. 
Competition:  its  nature,  permanency  and 
value.    The  distribution  of  wealth. 

CONSULT 

Irrational  Distribution  of  Wealth,  by  Bryon  C. 
Matthews; 

Monopolies  and  Trusts,  by  R.  T.  Ely; 

Social  Unrest,  by  J.  G.  Brooks; 

Our  Benevolent  Feudalism,  by  W.  J.  Ghent; 

The  Rise  of  the  Democracy,  by  Joseph  Clayton; 

Anarchists,  their  Faith  and  their  Record,  by  E. 
A.  Vizetelly. 

5 

Mimicipal  or  state  ownership  of  natural 

monopolies  versus  supervision  or  control  by 

the  same. 

CONSULT 

Monopolies  and  Trusts,  by  R.  T.  Ely; 

Municipal  Monopolies,  by  E.  W.  Bemis; 

Monopolies,  Past  and  Present,  by  G.  E.  Le 
Rossignol; 

Wealth  against  Commonwealth,  by  H.  D.  Lloyd. 


no        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

6 

Taxation.  The  income  tax.  The  inheri- 
tance tax.  The  land  tax.  Tax  on  produc- 
tion, etc.  The  tariff.  Protection  and  free 
trade. 

CONSULT 

What  Shall  be  Taxed?  What  Shall  be  Exempt?  by 
Edward  Atkinson,  in  his  Industrial  Progress  of  the 
Nation ; 

Taxation  of  American  States  and  Cities,  by  R.  T. 
Ely; 

A  B  C  of  Taxation,  by  C.  B.  Fillebrown; 

Who  Pays  Your  Taxes?  by  Bolton  Hall; 

Man  and  the  State,  by  T.  G.  Shearman. 

7 
Social  conditions  which  affect  the  home. 
Municipal  health  and  morals.  Food  adul- 
teration. Laws  for  the  protection  of  minors. 
The  saloon  question.  Public  comfort  sta- 
tions, baths,  etc.  Recreation  for  the  people. 
Factory  inspection.  Child  labor  and  com- 
pulsory education.  Education  in  a  de- 
mocracy. Our  school  system.  The  educa- 
tion of  defectives  and  delinquents.  Immi- 
gration. 


PROGRAMS  III 

CONSULT 

Education  and  the  Larger  Life,  by  C.  H.  Hender- 
son; 

Educational  Reform,  by  Charles  W.  Eliot ;  espe- 
cially the  essay  on  The  Function  of  Education  in  a 
Democracy; 

Betterment,  Individual,  Social,  Industrial,  by  E. 
W.  Cook; 

Immigration,  by  P.  G.  Hall; 

See  also  lists  under  WOMAN  AS  HOUSE- 
KEEPER and  THE  KITCHEN. 

8 

Suffrage  and  the  position  of  women. 
Philanthropy.  Cooperation  in  work  with 
the  criminal,  insane,  infirm,  defective  and 
delinquent  classes.  Juvenile  courts.  Pro- 
bation work.  Civic  art.  An  awakened 
civic  conscience. 

CONSULT 

Elimination  of  the  Tramp,  by  Edmond  Kelly; 
Efficient  Democracy,  by  W.  H.  Allen; 
Modern  Philanthropy,  by  W.  H.  Allen; 
Poverty,  by  Robert  Hunter; 
Efficiency  and  Relief,  by  Robert  Hunter; 
Democracy  and  Social  Ethics,  by  Jane  Addams; 
Modern  Civic  Art,  by  C.  M.  Robinson; 


112        CLUB  WOMAN»S  HANDYBOOK 

Improvement  of  Towns  and  Cities,  by  C.  M. 
Robinson; 

Construction  and  Preventive  Philanthropy  by 
Joseph  Lee; 

Enfranchisement  and  Citizenship,  by  E.  L.  Pierce; 

Modem  Woman's  Rights  Movement,  by  K. 
Schirmacher; 

What  Eight  MiUion  Women  Want,  by  R.  C.  Dorr; 

Social  Forces,  published  by  Woman's  Suffrage 
Association; 

See  also  lists  under  WOMAN  AS  HOUSE- 
KEEPER and  MODERN  THOUGHT. 


PROGRAMS  113 

The  State  we  live  in 

I 
Physiology  and  geography.     Boundaries. 
Its  relation  to  contiguous  land  and  water. 
Watersheds.      Rivers    and    canals.      Bays, 
ocean  front  and  general  topography. 

2 
Geology  and  formation.     Present  condi- 
tions.     The     flora,    fauna     and    climate. 
Advantages  and  disadvantages  of  the  above 
conditions. 

3 
The   first   inhabitants.      Origin,    charac- 
teristics, customs  and  remains.    Treatment 
by  settlers  and  government. 

4 

Settlers:  their  character,  condition,  early 
history  and  development.  Their  part  in  the 
historic  events  of  the  nation. 

5 
Historic  persons  and  places. 

6 

History  to  date.  The  growth  of  cities 
and  their  influence  on  other  states. 


114        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

7 
Resources,  industries  and  commerce. 


8 

Social  problems.     Education.     Progress. 
Literature  and  art. 


Duties  and  privileges  of  citizens  in  rela- 
tion to  the  state. 

lO 

Note:  If  any  original  work  is  done,  put 
it  in  proper  form  and  place  it  where  others 
may  make  use  of  it. 

Ask  your  state  library  or  members  of 
your  state  legislature  for  material  about 
your  state. 

CONSULT 

Readings  on  American  State  Government,  by  P. 
S.  Reinsch; 

Poole's  Index  and  The  Reader's  Guide  will  furnish 
articles  about  state  affairs,  such  as  State's  Rights, 
Conferences  of  Governors  (House  of  Governors), 
and  special  topics  of  interest  on  state  matters. 


PROGRAMS  115 


Trainingf  the  Hand 

I 

Development  of  industries  and  their  re- 
lation to  the  sciences  and  arts.  The  house 
industries.  Fishing  and  hunting.  The  pas- 
toral and  agricultural  stages  of  man.  The 
age  of  metal.  Trade  and  transportation. 
The  city  stage  with  the  feudal  system. 


The  handicraft  system  arising  in  Europe 
with  the  use  of  money.  The  freeing  of 
slaves  and  serfs.  The  development  of 
commerce  and  rise  of  free  towns.  Develop- 
ment of  the  crafts  and  guilds. 

3 
The  factory  system;  its  growth,  value  and 
relation  to  art.  The  production  of  shoddy 
wares.  The  turning  of  men  into  machines. 
The  market  value  of  goods  the  chief  test  of 
artistic  merit.  Common  things  made 
beautiful.  Cheapness  obtained  at  the  cost 
of  cheapening  of  life  and  labor. 


ii6        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

4 

History  of  industrial  activities  as  a  factor 
in  developing  the  social  consciousness  of 
children.  The  close  relation  between  the 
attitudes  of  the  child  and  the  serious  activi- 
ties of  society  in  all  ages.  Play  as  a  re- 
hearsal of  ancestral  work.  The  recognition 
of  the  historical  continuity  of  race  efforts 
as  a  humanizing  power. 

5 

The  place  of  house  industries  and  the 
place  of  handicrafts  in  education.  (For  the 
distinction  between  these  see  Katherine  E. 
Dopp's  The  Place  of  Industries  in  Ele- 
mentary Education.) 

6 

Sense  culture  through  manual  training. 
Stocking  the  understanding  with  ideas 
which  provide  the  basis  for  language  and 
number  study.  The  use  of  the  tools  of  a 
child's  body,  or  direct  contact  of  hands 
with  material.  The  child's  overpowering 
desire  to  use  his  hands.  Use  of  manual 
training  in  elementary  schools  in  directing 


PROGRAMS  117 

natural  destructive  impulses  toward  con- 
struction. The  time  for  use  of  artificial 
tools  or  extension  of  the  child's  own  natural 
tools. 

7 

The  educational  value  of  manual  train- 
ing in  the  public  schools.  The  relation  of 
head  and  hand.  Manual  training  and  brain 
building  for  the  poet  as  well  as  for  the 
blacksmith.  Unskilled  labor  develops  few 
and  crude  motor  ideas.  Skilled  labor  de- 
velops accurate  motor  sensations  and  ideas 
and  fine  coordination  of  muscular  move- 
ment. Attempt  to  join  the  skilled  hand  and 
the  cultured  mind.  The  effort  to  produce 
the  man  who  is  good  for  some  specific 
thing.  The  effect  of  manual  training  on 
will  power  and- character,  on  the  desire 
to  know  and  the  ability  to  judge  and 
reason.  The  lessons  of  attention,  con- 
centration, correct  reasoning,  accuracy, 
neatness,  perseverance  and  decision.  The 
distinction  between  manual  training  and 
physical  exercise.  Manual  training  as  edu- 
cational  and   vocational.      The   difference 


Ii8        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK' 

between  manual  training  schools  and  trade 
or  technical  schools.  Elementary  school 
training  formative  for  psychological  reasons. 
Secondary  school  training  the  same  but 
consciously  vocational. 

8 

Meaning  of  the  arts  and  crafts  movement 
to  society  in  town  and  country.  A  rebellion 
against  the  reckless  waste  of  life  in  the  pur- 
suit of  the  means  of  life.  The  attempts  to 
establish  a  brotherhood  between  the  de- 
signer and  the  craftsman.  The  protest 
against  the  lack  of  beauty  in  modem  life. 
The  decoration  of  utilities.  The  beauty  of 
common  things.  The  revival  of  village  in- 
dustries. 

CONSULT 

The  Place  of  Industries  in  Elementary  Education, 
by  K.  E.  Dopp; 

The  Mind  and  Hand,  by  C.  H.  Ham; 

Education  in  Its  Relation  to  Manual  Industry, 
by  A.  MacArthur; 

The  Evolution  of  Industrial  Society,  by  R.  T. 
Ely; 

Industrial  Social  Education,  by  W.  A.  Baldwin; 


PROGRAMS  119 

Psychology   of   Industrial    Efficiency,    by   Hugo 
Miinsterberg ; 

Arguments  for  Manual  Training,  by  N.  M.  Butler; 

Hopes  and  Fears  for  Art,  by  W.  Morris; 

William  Morris,  His  Art,  by  A.  Vallance; 
'  Arts  and  Crafts  in  the  Middle  Ages,  by  J.  DeW. 
Addison ; 

Craftsmanship  in  Competitive  Industry,  by  C. 
R.  Ashbee; 

The  Arts  and  Crafts  of  Our  Teutonic  Forefathers, 
by  G.  B.  Brown; 

Peasant  Art  in  Austria  and  Hungary,  edited  by 
Chas.  Holme; 

Peasant  Art  in  Sweden,   Lapland  and  Iceland, 
edited  by  Chas.  Holme; 

The  Claims  of  Industrial  Art,  by  L.  W.  Miller; 

Crowds,  by  Gerald  Stanley  Lee. 

See  Poole's  Index  and  The  Reader's  Guide  for 
articles  on  all  these  topics. 


120        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 


Woman  as  Housekeeper  and  Home-maker 

I 

Development  of  woman  from  the  primi- 
tive to  the  modem  housekeeper. 

2 

Home-making  vs.  housekeeping. 

3 
Domestic  tradition  vs.  domestic  science. 

4 

Possibilities  of  better  methods  of  house- 
cleaning,  laundering  and  cooking. 

5 

Simplicity,  economy,  waste  of  time  and 
strength.    Things  we  can  do  without. 

6 

The  importance  of  mastering  details. 

7 
Reason  for  failures  in  cooperative  schemes. 
The  Housewives'  League, 


PROGRAMS  121 


8 


The  interior  arrangement  of  the  house  for 
convenience,  comfort  and  beauty. 

9 

Domestic  service  from  the  standpoint  of 
the  mistress  and  of  the  servant. 

ID 

Training  schools  for  housekeepers. 

II 

The  relation  of  science  to  health  and  lux- 
ury. 

12 

The  decoration  of  the  house. 

13 

Art  and  utility  in  the  home.  The  use 
and  abuse  of  ornament.  Art  and  house- 
cleaning. 

14 

Woman's  growth  in  responsibility  from 
the  primitive  housekeeping  for  a  family,  to 


122         CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

the  larger  housekeeping  of  her  city,  her  state, 
her  nation.  Her  interest  in  the  care  of 
schools,  workshops,  public  baths,  laundries, 
public  health,  streets,  houses  of  the  poor, 
etc. 

CONSULT 

The  Cost  of  Shelter,  by  E.  H.  Richards; 

The  Habitations  of  Man  in  All  Ages,  by  Viollet- 
le-Duc; 

The  Home,  Its  Work  and  Influence,  by  C.  P.  S. 
Oilman; 

The  Simple  Home,  by  C.  Keeler; 

Woman's  Share  in  Primitive  Culture,  by  O.  T. 
Mason ; 

Woman  and  Economics,  by  C.  P.  S.  Oilman; 

Principles  of  Home  Decoration,  by  C.  Wheeler; 

The  Decoration  of  Houses,  by  Edith  Wharton; 

Homes  and  their  Decoration,  by  L.  H.  French; 

The  Furniture  of  Our  Forefathers,  by  Esther 
Singleton ; 

Textiles  and  Coloring,  by  K.  H.  Watson; 

Household  Management,  by  B.  M.  Terrill; 

Farmer's  Bulletins  (United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture) ; 

Home  Building  and  Furnishing,  by  W.  L.  Price; 

Home  Furnishing,  Practical  and  Artistic,  by  J. 
W.  Dow; 

The  Country  House,  by  C.  E.  Hooper; 


PROGRAMS  123 

Increasing  Home  EfiBciency,  by  M.  B.  and  R.  W. 
Bruere; 

The  Modern  Household,  by  Marion  Talbot; 

Woman  in  Modem  Society,  by  Earl  Barnes; 

The  Woman  Who  Spends,  by  B.  J.  Richardson; 

The  Upholstered  Cage,  by  J.  B.  Knowles; 

The  American  Woman  and  Her  Home,  by  Mrs. 
A.  L.  Hillis; 

Fatigue  and  Efficiency,  by  J.  G.  Goldmark; 

The  New  Housekeeping,  by  Mrs.  C.  M.  Frederick; 

One  Thousand  Practical  Receipts,  by  B.  E. 
Jones ; 

Motion  Study  in  the  Household,  by  Frank  B. 
Gilbreth  in  the  Scientific  American  for  April  13, 
19 1 2,  and  in  the  Journal  of  Home  Economics  for 
December,  1912; 

Household  Engineering,  by  Mrs.  Frank  A.  Patti- 
son; 

Decorative  Styles  and  Periods,  by  H.  C.  Candee; 

Adventures  in  Homemaking,  by  Robert  and  Eliz- 
abeth Shackleton; 

Woman  and  Tomorrow,  by  W.  L.  George; 

The  Truth  about  Woman,  by  C.  Gasquoine 
Huntley  (Mrs.  Gallichan); 

The  Woman  Movement,  by  Ellen  Key; 

Homes  of  Character,  by  J.  H.  Newson; 

Reclaiming  the  Old  House,  by  C.  E.  Hooper; 

Woman,  Marriage  and  Motherhood,  by  E.  S. 
Chesser; 

The  Old-Fashioned  Woman,  by  E.  C.  Parsons. 


124        CLUB  WOMAN»S  HANDYBOOK 


The  Woman  at  Work 

I 
The  women  of  the  colonies.     How  they 
worked  and  under  what  conditions. 

2 

Home  industry.  Conditions  which  com- 
pelled women  to  confine  their  work  to  the 
physical  home. 

3 
The  development  of  industries  outside  the 
home.     Much  of  women's  work  necessarily 
away  from  the  home  in  consequence  of  this 
condition. 

4 
The  effect  of  this  upon  the  home. 

5 
The  effect  of  this  upon  the  woman. 

6 

The  necessity  for  women  to  go  out  from 
the  home.    Why  this  has  come  about. 


PROGRAMS  125 

7 
Fields  open  to  women.    The  professions, 
shops,    factories,    stores,    crafts,    domestic 
service  and  other  fields. 


Woman's  wages.  The  effect  upon  men's 
wages. 

9 

Training  women  for  life  at  home,  and 
training  for  life  abroad  in  the  business  world. 

10 
Effect   of  this  employment   outside   the 
home  upon  motherhood  and  marriage. 

II 

The  strength  and  weakness  of  the  woman 
who  works. 

12 

Ideals  for  the  training  of  the  woman  for 
her  sphere  as  woman,  not  for  her  sphere  as 
men  see  it  to  be. 

13 

Conventionalities  about  women.  Their 
development  and  true  status.  A  backward 
glance  at  some  radical  outbreaks  of  women 


126        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

from  her  so-called  sphere  and  the  attitude 
today  of  her  critics  with  regard  to  these 
same  actions. 

CONSULT 

Woman  in  Industry,  by  Edith  Abbott; 

The  Woman  Who  Spends,  by  B.  J.  Richardson; 

Woman's  Ways  of  Earning  Money,  by  Cynthia 
W.  x\lden; 

The  Economic  Position  of  Women  (the  Academy 
of  Political  Science,  Proceedings,  vol.  i.  No.  i); 

Women  in  Industry,  by  L.  D.  Brandeis  and 
Josephine  Goldmark; 

Personal  Hygiene  for  Girls,  by  Mary  Humphreys; 

Selected  Articles  on  the  Employment  of  Women, 
compiled  by  Edna  D.  Bullock; 

Women  and  the  Trades,  by  E.  B.  Butler; 

Women's  Work  and  Wages,  by  Edward  Cadbury 
and  others; 

Health  and  Happiness;  a  Message  to  Girls;  by 
Eliza  M.  Mosher; 

Wage  Earning  Women,  by  A.  M.  MacLean; 

Women  in  Industry,  by  E.  A.  Ross  (in  his 
Changing  America) ; 

Woman  and  Labor,  by  Olive  Schreiner; 

Report  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Labor  on  Condi- 
tions of  Woman  and  Child  Wage  Earners  in  the 
U.  S. 

Social  Forces,  published  by  the  Wisconsin  Wo- 
man's Suffrage  Association. 


IV 

HOW  TO  FORM  A  CLUB 

Call  the  interested  people  together  and 
state  why  you  have  done  so.  Ask  some  one 
to  take  charge  of  the  meeting.  This  Chair- 
man pro  tem  should  then  call  for  the  ap- 
pointment of  a  Secretary  pro  tem  for  that 
meeting.  The  next  thing  to  do  is  to  move 
that  a  club  be  organized.  The  first  motion 
should  be  to  that  effect.  A  committee 
should  then  be  appointed  to  draft  a  consti- 
tution, this  committee  to  report  at  the  next 
meeting.  A  Nominating  Committee  is 
next  appointed.  When  the  constitution  has 
been  adopted  permanent  officers  are  to  be 
elected  under  its  requirements.  When  the 
committee  on  the  constitution  makes  its 
report,  the  first  move  is  to  accept  the  report. 
Next,  each  article  is  read  separately  and 
amendments  are  called  for.  If  there  are  no 
amendments,  no  vote  is  taken  on  the  dif- 
127 


128        CLUB  WOMAN»S  HANDYBOOK 

ferent  articles.  When  an  article  is  amended, 
it  is  moved,  that  the  article  *^be  approved 
as  amended. "  The  constitution  as  a  whole 
is  then  open  to  amendment.  The  next  move 
is  to  adopt  the  whole  constitution  as 
amended.  By-Laws  and  Standing-Rules 
are  adopted  in  the  same  way.  Officers  are 
next  elected  according  to  the  requirements 
of  the  constitution.  The  business  of  the 
Club  then  proceeds. 


V 

PARLIAMENTARY  DEFINITIONS 

These  definitions,  alphabetically  arranged 
and  briefly  stated  for  ready  reference,  have 
been  compiled  from  the  following  authorities 
which  may  be  constilted  for  fuller  explana- 
tions of  parliamentary  practice:  Pocket 
Manual  of  Rules  of  Order  for  Deliberative 
Assemblies,  by  H.  M.  Robert;  Primer  of 
Parliamentary  Law,  by  J.  T.  Robert; 
Rules — ^A  Manual  of  General  Parliamentary- 
Law,  by  Thomas  B.  Reed;  Parliamentary 
Lessons  Based  on  Reed's  Rules,  by  Mary 
U.  Lee;  Manual  of  Parliamentary  Practice 
(Cushing's  Manual),  by  L.  S.  Gushing;  The 
Parliamentarian,  by  G.  W.  Trow;  Warring- 
ton's Manual,  edited  by  W.  S.  Robinson; 
The  Woman's  Manual  of  Parliamentary  Law, 
by  H.  R.  Shattuck;  Parliamentary  Usage, 
by  E.  A.  Fox;  Parliamentary  Procedure,  by 
G.  G.  Grocker;  Guide  to  the  Conduct  of 
Meetings,  by  G.  T.  Fish. 
129 


130        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

''The  great  purpose  of  all  rules  and 
forms/'  says  Gushing,  ''is  to  subserve  the 
will  of  the  assembly  rather  than  to  restrain 
it;  to  facilitate  and  not  to  obstruct  the  ex- 
pression of  their  deliberate  sense/'  The 
objects  gained  by  them,  says  Jefferson,  are, 
"Accuracy  in  business,  economy  of  time, 
order,  imiformity  and  impartiality. " 

Acclamation,  voting  by.    See  Voting. 

Adjourn:  A  motion  to  adjourn  cannot  be 
made  when  another  member  has  the  floor, 
when  a  vote  is  being  taken,  or  when  the 
Chair  is  stating  a  question  or  ruling.  It  is 
in  order  when  the  Chair  has  stated  a  ques- 
tion or  ruling,  before  the  voting  has  begun, 
or  before  the  result  has  been  announced. 
When  a  motion  to  adjourn  has  been  lost,  it 
can  be  renewed  after  subsequent  business. 
It  is  not  debatable,  cannot  be  amended  and 
takes  precedence  of  all  other  motions,  ex- 
cept to  Fix  the  Time.  When  the  time 
to  adjourn  is  fixed,  the  Chair  adjourns  a 
meeting  without  a  motion.  See  also 
Meetings. 

Amend,  to  change.    An  amendment,  tho 


PARLIAMENTARY  DEFINITIONS       131 

different  in  spirit,  must  relate  to  the  mo- 
tion, resolution  or  article  under  discussion. 
An  amendment  may  be,  to  insert,  to  strike 
out,  or  to  strike  out  and  insert.  A  whole 
motion  may  be  stricken  out  and  a  new  one 
inserted  if  relevant.  It  is  out  of  order  to 
strike  out  or  insert  the  word  ^'  not  '',  or  any 
negative  which  makes  the  motion  read  ex- 
actly the  opposite.  Numbers  and  names 
are  not  treated  as  amendments.  The  orig- 
inal motion  must  be  read,  then  the  change 
and  then  the  whole  motion  as  amended. 
An  amendment  is  carried  by  a  majority  of 
the  votes  cast  (except  in  case  of  the  Con- 
stitution, By-Laws  and  Rules  of  Order). 
The  mover  of  a  motion  may  accept  an 
amendment  and  it  thus  becomes  a  part  of 
the  motion.  Two  separate  amendments 
may  not  be  before  the  assembly  at  the  same 
time.  The  first  amendment  may  be  amend- 
ed once  only.  An  amendment  is  voted  on 
first;  and  then  the  motion  as  amended. 
An  amendment  to  an  amendment  is  voted 
on  first,  then  the  amendment  as  amended, 
and  then  the  original  motion  as  amended. 
The  form  when  putting  an  amended  amend- 


132        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

ment  is,  *'  The  question  now  recurs  on  the 
adoption  of  the  amendment  as  amended. '^ 
When  it  is  desired  to  further  change  an 
amended  amendment,  the  course  is  to 
*^  Reconsider."  See  also  Giving  Notice 
Postpone,  Commitment, 

Appealing  from  the  Decision  of  the  Chair: 
See  Decision  of  the  Chair. 

Auditor,  and  Auditing  Committee :  One  or 
more  persons  who  examine  the  Treasurer's 
accounts  and  certify  whether  or  not  the 
yearly  report  is  correct.  An  acceptance  of 
the  Auditor's  (or  Auditing  Committee's) 
report  signifies  that  the  Treasurer's  report 
is  correct. 

Ballot:  See  Voting. 

Blanket  Ballot:  A  collection  of  individual 
ballots  all  printed  for  convenience  on  one 
sheet  of  paper.  Each  separate  office  voted 
for  must  be  regarded  as  having  a  separate 
ballot. 

By-Laws:  Statements  of  the  working  de- 
tails of  the  laws  outlined  in  the  Constitu- 
tion. They  are  numbered  as  adopted. 
(The  Constitution  states  what  the  officers 
shall  be,  the  By-Laws  define  their  duties.) 


PARLIAMENTARY  DEFINITIONS       133 

They  do  not  need  so  long  a  notice  for 
amendment  as  the  Constitution,  and  may 
provide  for  their  own  amendment  by 
tmanimous  vote  without  previous  notice. 

Chairman:  The  person  in  charge  of  the 
meeting.  One  who  calls  a  meeting  to  order 
is  the  chairman  pro  tem  until  a  permanent 
chairman  is  appointed  or  elected.  The 
maker  of  a  motion  to  commit  is  not  neces- 
sarily entitled  to  be  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee. A  committee  is  at  liberty  to  ap- 
point its  own  chairman,  but  the  first  named 
member  is  usually  accepted  for  the  office. 
A  chairman  of  a  committee  should  sign  all 
reports.    See  also  Committee. 

Close  Debate:  See  Previous  Question, 

Commit:  See  Commitment. 

Commitment:  Placing  a  matter  in  the 
hands  of  a  committee.  A  motion  to  commit 
is  debatable  and  involves  the  merits  of  the 
subject  committed.  A  motion  to  commit 
may  supersede  a  motion  to  amend.  To  re- 
commit is  to  refer  the  matter  again  to  a 
committee. 

Committees:  The  Constitution  should 
provide  for   committees   according  to  the 


134        CLUB  WOMAN»S  HANDYBOOK 

needs  of  the  organization.  (Such  as  on 
program,  hospitality,  publicity,  etc.)  There 
are  Standing  Committees  which  are  in 
charge  of  routine  business  and  work  ex- 
tending throughout  the  season;  special  (or 
Select)  Committees,  which  are  elected  or 
appointed  for  special  business  as  it  comes 
up,  and  Committee  of  the  Whole.  An  odd 
number  of  members  for  a  committee  is  best. 
For  deliberation  a  large  committee  is  de- 
sirable; for  action  a  small  one.  If  the  com- 
mittee is  appointed  by  the  chair,  the  chair 
may  also  appoint  the  chairman.  Again  the 
chairman  may  be  appointed  by  the  chair 
and  then  allowed  to  select  her  own  com- 
mittee. The  chair  may  appoint  a  committee 
at  once,  or  in  the  future.  If  the  chairman 
of  a  committee  cannot  get  a  quorum  of  her 
committee  after  repeated  attempts,  she  may 
present  a  report  of  her  own  and  state  the 
circumstances  when  she  submits  it  to  the 
club.  If  the  chairman  neglects  to  call  the 
committee  together,  one  of  the  members 
may  do  so.  If  the  club  nominate  a  com- 
mittee, a  vote  is  taken  on  each  member. 
No  person  may  nominate  more  than  one 


PARLIAMENTARY  DEFINITIONS       135 

member  (except  with  unanimous  consent). 
A  committee  may  Recommend,  Amend  or 
Adopt.  No  other  motions  are  in  order. 
It  is  usual  to  appoint  members  favorable 
to  the  matter.  A  majority  of  the  members 
makes  a  quorum.  Without  special  permis- 
sion it  may  not  sit  when  the  club  comes  to 
order..  See  also  Chairman  and  Nominating 
Committees, 

Committee  Reports:  When  a  committee 
reports  to  the  club  the  question  is  usually 
put  as  to  whether  the  report  should  be 
accepted.  This  frees  a  temporary  com- 
mittee from  further  obligation.  When  a 
report  is  submitted,  amendments  to  it  are 
voted  upon  first,  and  then  the  whole  report 
as  amended.  Reports  are  considered  para- 
graph by  paragraph  and  then  adopted  as  a 
whole.  The  preamble  (if  any)  is  considered 
last.  When  a  report  calls  for  action  the 
motion  is  to  ^'  adopt ''.  A  statement  of 
fact  calls  for  a  motion  to  "  accept  ".  A  re- 
port ending  with  a  resolution  calls  for  a 
motion  to  "  agree  to  the  resolution  ". 

Committee  of  the  Whole:  In  order  to 
discuss  a  subject  informally,  a  motion  may 


136        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

be  made  that  the  "assembly  (or  club)  do 
now  resolve  itself  into  a  committee  of  the 
whole,  to  take  into  consideration  such  and 
such  a  matter  "  (naming  it).  The  president 
names  a  chairman,  or  the  body  may  elect 
its  own.  The  president  leaves  the  chair 
and  becomes  one  of  the  body  of  members, 
but  remains  to  resume  the  chair  when 
necessary.  The  chairman  does  not  take 
the  president's  seat.  The  secretary  does 
not  record  the  proceedings,  but  only  the 
report  when  made  to  the  assembly.  A 
quorum  must  be  present.  In  Committee 
of  the  Whole  each  member  may  speak  as 
many  times  as  she  can  obtain  the  floor. 
This  committee  cannot  move  the  Previous 
Question  or  refer  any  matter  to  another 
committee.  It  may  Recommend,  Amend 
and  Adopt.  It  does  not  move  to  adjourn. 
To  dissolve  the  meeting  a  motion  is  made 
that  "  the  committee  rise  ".  The  president 
than  takes  her  seat  and  the  regular  assembly 
resumes  its  session.  If  the  business  is  un- 
finished a  member  moves  that  the  committee 
"  rise ",  report  progress  to  the  assembly 
and  ask  leave  to  sit  again.    Instead  of  re- 


PARLIAMENTARY  DEFINITIONS       137 

ferring  a  matter  to  the  committee  of  the 
whole,  an  assembly  may  at  any  time  con- 
sider a  subject  informally  if  there  is  no 
objection.  One  objection  makes  necessary 
a  vote.  It  is  virtually  the  same  as  a  com- 
mittee of  the  whole  and  after  the  discussion 
of  a  subject  is  closed  the  chair  reports  as 
follows:  *^  The  assembly  acting  informally 
has  had  such  subject  under  consideration 
and  recommends  so  and  so  ''. 

Consideration:  Objection  to.  To  prevent 
abuse  of  the  power  of  any  member  to  intro- 
duce improper  or  untimely  subjects,  another 
member  has  a  right  to  "  object  to  the  con- 
sideration of  the  subject  (resolution  or  mo- 
tion) ".  A  two-thirds  vote  in  the  negative 
(against  consideration)  prevents  considera- 
tion for  the  entire  session  imless  reconsid- 
ered. A  vote  of  more  than  one-third  in  the 
affirmative  (in  favor  of  consideration)  leaves 
the  subject  objected  to  as  it  was  before. 
This  applies  only  to  motions  introducing  a 
subject  (principal  or  main  motions),  not 
to  amendments  or  regular  parliamentary 
questions.  Objections  must  be  made  after 
the  question  is  stated  and  before  anyone 


138        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

has  spoken  on  the  question.  It  is  in  order 
\/hen  another  member  has  the  floor.  The 
objector  need  not  wait  to  be  recognized. 
It  need  not  be  seconded  and  cannot  be 
debated  or  amended. 

Constitution:  The  laws  of  the  club. 
(Usually  in  from  five  to  seven  parts.)  i. 
Name  and  Object  of  the  society.  (Sometimes 
in  two  parts,  i.  Name.  2.  Object.)  2.  Quali- 
fication of  members.  3.  Officers  (list  of). 
4.  Meetings.  5.  How  to  amend  constitu- 
tion. 6.  Finance  (when  desired  to  state 
from  what  source  a  club  derives  its  income). 
See  also  By-Laws  and  Rules  of  Order,  By 
Constitution  is  implied  also  the  By-Laws. 
Following  is  a  sample  Constitution: 


ARTICLE  I 

/      This  organization  shall  be  called  the- 
Club  of- 


ARTICLE  II 

The  object  of  this  Club  shall  be  to  promote  the 
culture  and  entertainment  of  its  members,  and  for 
mutual  helpfulness. 


PARLIAMENTARY  DEFINITIONS       139 

ARTICLE  III 

Any  woman  who  sympathizes  with  the  objects 
of  this  Club,  and  is  willing  to  aid  in  promoting 
them,  may  be  elected  a  member  according  to  the 
By-law  on  Membership. 

ARTICLE  IV 

All  members  are  expected  to  take  an  active  in- 
terest in  the  objects  of  the  Club,  and  to  perform 
such  duties  as  may  be  assigned  them. 

ARTICLE  V 

Section  i.  The  officers  of  this  Club  shall  be  a 
President,  two  Vice-Presidents,  a  Recording  Sec- 
retary, a  Corresponding  Secretary,  a  Treasurer 
and  an  Auditor. 

Section  2.  They  shall  be  elected  annually  by 
ballot  and  hold  office  until  their  successors  are  duly 
installed;  such  installation  shall  be  at  the  last 
business  meeting  of  the  Club  year. 

Section  3.  No  officer  shall  hold  the  same  office 
for  more  than  two  consecutive  terms. 

ARTICLE  VI 

This  Club  shall  be  a  member  of  the  General  and 
State  Federations  of  Women's  Clubs. 

ARTICLE  VII 

This  Constitution  may  be  amended  at  any  reg- 
ular meeting  by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  the  members 
present,  such  amendment  having  been  presented 
at  the  preceding  regular  meeting  and  notice  thereof 
sent  with  the  call  for  the  meeting  at  which  the 
amendment  is  to  be  voted  upon. 


140        CLUB  WOMAN»S  HANDYBOOK 
BY-LAWS 

MEETINGS 

I.  Regular  meetings  of  the  Club  shall  be  held 
'^  twice  a  month,  on  the  first  and  third  Mondays  from 

three  to  five  o'clock  P.  M.,  except  during  June, 
July,  August  and  September.  The  annual  meeting 
shall  be  held  on  the  third  Monday  in  May.  Special 
meetings  may  be  called  by  the  Executive  Committee. 

QUORUM 

II.  members  shall  constitute  a  quorum  at 

all  regular  meetings.  (This  is  regulated  by  the 
number  of  members.)  One-fifth  of  the  members 
shall  constitute  a  quorum  at  special  meetings. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

III.  The  officers  of  the  Club,  with  the  chairmen 
of  the  standing  committees,  shall  form  the  Execu- 
tive Committee,  which  shall  have  charge  of  the 
general  management  of  the  Club. 

ELECTION  OF  OFFICERS 

IV.  Section  i.  Four  weeks  before  the  annual 
meeting,  the  President  shall  appoint  a  committee 
of  three,  to  the  chairman  of  which  committee  each 
member  of  the  Club  shall  send  her  choice  for  officers 
to  serve  the  ensuing  year.  From  the  names  thus 
suggested,  the  committee  shall  prepare  a  ticket, 
choosing  in  each  case  the  two  having  the  largest 
number  of  votes,  and  shall  present  it  at  the  annual 
meeting.     The  Club  shall  ballot  on  the  officers  in 


PARLIAMENTARY  DEFINITIONS       141 

their  order.  A  majority  vote  of  those  present  con- 
stitutes election. 

Section  2.  Vacancies  may  be  filled  at  any  reg- 
ular meeting,  notice  having  been  sent  out  with  the 
call  for  the  meeting. 

Section  3.  The  officers  shall  perform  the  duties 
usual  to  their  office. 

NEW  MEMBERS 

V.  Section  i.  Any  active  member  of  the  Club 
may  propose  for  membership  one  name  a  year;  the 
same  to  be  presented  in  writing,  with  address,  and 
with  names  of  two  active  members  as  vouchers,  to 
the  Membership  Committee,  and  if  approved,  the 
chairman  shall  report  such  names  to  the  Club  to  be 
voted  upon  at  the  regular  meeting.  Three  dissent- 
ing votes  shall  exclude  from  membership. 

Section  2.  When  elected,  the  signing  of  the 
Constitution,  and  payment  of  an  initiation  fee  of 

dollars  and  the  annual  fee  of dollars 

shall  constitute  membership. 

Section  3.  Members  joining  the  Club  after 
October  ist,  must  pay  the  initiation  fee,  but  are 
exempt  from  dues,  until  the  annual  meeting  in 
May.  Members  shall  be  required  to  qualify  within 
two  months. 

Section  4.  Honorary  members  must  have  their 
names  presented  in  the  same  manner  as  active 
members,  and  be  elected  by  a  unanimous  vote,  but 
shall  not  be  required  to  pay  any  fee,  and  may  not 
vote  at  meetings. 

Section  5.  Former  members  may  resume  their 
membership  according  to  By-Law  V,  but  will  not 
be  required  to  pay  the  initiation  fee. 


142        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 


MEMBERSHIP 

VI.  The  membership  of  this  Club  shall  be 
limited  to  active  members. 

VII.  Each  member  shall  pay  an  annual  fee  of 

— dollars  at  the  meeting .    The 

Treasurer  shall  notify  all  members  before  the  meet- 
ing that  fees  are  due. 

VISITORS 

VIII.  Members  may  bring  visitors  to  the  meet- 
ings, or  send  them  with  a  card  to  the  President. 
Guests  must  be  introduced  by  the  President  or  by 
the  member  who  invited  them  to  attend. 

COMMITTEES 

IX.  Section  i.  There  shall  be stand- 
ing committees:  i,  Plospitality ;  2,  Program;  3, 
Membership  (name  others  necessary  to  the  conduct 
of  the  Club). 

Section  2.  The  Entertainment  Committee  shall 
procure  place  of  meeting,  and  take  charge  of  social 
meetings. 

Section  3.  The  Program  Committee  shall  sug- 
gest subjects  for  discussions,  and  persons  to  take  part 
in  them,  and  shall  prepare  programs,  with  the  co- 
operation of  the  other  committees. 

Section  4.  The  chairmen  of  these  committees 
shall  be  appointed  by  the  President.  They  shall 
take  office  immediately  after  the  last  meeting  in 
May  and  hold  office  for  one  year  from  that  time.  A 
member  having  served  as  chairman  for  two  con- 
secutive years,  shall  not  be  eligible  for  a  third 
consecutive  term. 


PARLIAMENTARY  DEFINITIONS       143 

AMENDMENTS 

X.  These  By-Laws  may  be  amended  at  any 
regular  meeting  by  a  vote  of  the  majority  of  the 
members  present,  such  amendment  having  been 
presented  at  the  preceding  meeting,  and  notice 
thereof  sent  with  the  call  for  the  meeting  at  which 
the  amendment  is  to  be  voted  upon. 

MANUAL 

Rules  of  Parliamentary  Law  shall 


be  the  authority  in  the  deliberations  of  the  Club. 

Corresponding  Secretary:  This  officer  at- 
tends to  the  correspondence,  sends  out  the 
notices,  notifies  members  of  appointments 
and  elections,  keeps  the  official  list  of  mem- 
bers, attends  to  all  clerical  work  that  is  not 
a  question  of  records  and  takes  the  place 
of  the  Recording  Secretary  when  that  officer 
is  in  the  chair. 

Debate :  A  time  limit  is  sometimes  set  for 
debate  and  for  each  speaker.  The  general 
rule  for  formal  assemblies  is  that  no  mem- 
ber shall  speak  twice  on  the  same  question 
without  permission  of  the  assembly,  save 
when  all  who  desire  have  spoken,  or  to  make 
clear  some  matter  of  fact  or  to  explain  her- 
self.     One    may    not    interrupt    another 


144        CLUB  WOMAN»S  HANDYBOOK 

speaker.  Desultory  talk  of  members  to 
each  other  is  not  debate. 

Decision  of  the  Chair:  If  the  ruling  of 
the  presiding  officer  is  unsatisfactory  a 
member  may  appeal  from  the  decision.  If 
it  is  seconded,  it  may  be  put  to  vote: 
"  shall  the  decision  of  the  chair  be  sus- 
tained? ''  or  *'  stand  as  the  judgment  of  the 
assembly  ".  A  debatable  appeal  may  be 
put  before  the  meeting,  the  presiding  officer 
stating  her  reasons  for  her  decision  (without 
leaving  the  chair).  The  form  is,  ^^  I  appeal 
from  the  decision  of  the  chair  ".  The  pre- 
siding officer  may  take  part  in  this  debate. 
See  Questions  of  Order. 

Delegate:  A  person  sent  to  a  meeting  or 
convention  with  representative  powers.  By 
law  a  delegate  should  be  chosen  by  ballot. 
In  informal  assemblies  a  delegate  may  be 
chosen  or  appointed  informally  to  represent 
the  members.  A  delegate  should  be  able  to 
show  credentials  and  should  vote  in  the 
interests  of  the  society  and  not  as  an  in- 
dividual. The  votes  of  delegates  are  usu- 
ally taken  by  a  roll  call.  The  name  of  the 
dub  and  its  delegate  are  read. 


PARLIAMENTARY  DEFINITIONS       145 

Dependent  Motion :  A  motion  made  when 
another  is  pending.     See  Subsidiary  Motion. 

Division:  Doubt  as  to  the  vote  or  a  hope 
of  securing  a  fuller  vote,  entitles  a  member 
to  call  for  a  recount.  A  division  may  be 
called  for  without  waiting  for  recognition, 
even  while  another  member  has  the  floor. 
It  needs  no  seconding.  The  affirmatives 
go  to  the  right,  the  negatives  to  the  left. 
The  vote  is  counted  by  the  recording  sec- 
retary.   See  also  Voting. 

Election:  See  Nominating  Committee, 
Officers  and  Voting. 

Executive  Board:  A  governing  board  in 
charge  of  the  affairs  of  the  club.  The  presi- 
dent and  chairmen  of  committees  should  be 
members.  The  president  is  responsible  for 
the  conduct  of  the  club  and  so  should  be  in 
control  of  its  policy  and  thus  has  a  right 
to  preside  at  meetings  of  the  executive 
board. 

Floor:  To  obtain  the  floor,  is  to  get  an 
opporttmity  to  speak.  When  one  volun- 
tarily yields  the  floor  one  loses  the  floor. 
See  also  Right  to  the  Floor  and  Recognition 
by  the  Chair. 


146        CLUB  WOMAN»S  HANDYBOOK 

Giving  Notice :  Notice  may  be  given  that 
an  amendment  will  be  offered  as  soon  as 
the  pending  amendment  is  decided.  This 
often  changes  the  vote  on  the  amendment. 

Honorary  Officers:  See  Officers. 

Incidental  Questions  or  Motions:  Those 
which  arise  out  of  other  questions  or  mo- 
tions and  are  to  be  decided  before  the  ques- 
tions which  give  rise  to  them.  These  are: 
Questions  of  Order,  Motions  for  the  Read- 
ing of  Papers,  Permission  to  Withdraw  a 
Motion,  Suspension  of  a  Rule,  Amendment 
of  an  Amendment,  etc. 

Independent  Motion:  See  Main  Motion. 

Informal  Consideration:  See  Committee  of 
the  Whole. 

To  Lay  on  the  Table :  A  motion  to  put  a 
question  aside  for  a  time,  to  be  taken  up 
again  at  the  same  or  a  future  meeting. 
Its  object  should  not  be  to  kill  or  prevent 
consideration,  but  merely  to  postpone  action. 
It  is  not  in  order  when  another  member  has 
the  floor.  It  does  not  apply  to  such  parlia- 
mentary questions  as  Fixing  the  Time,  Or- 
ders of  the  Day  (which  may  be  laid  on  the 
table    only    one    by    one),    Adjournment, 


PARLIAMENTARY  DEFINITIONS       147 

Priority  of  Business  and  to  Take  from  the 
Table.  It  cannot  be  amended  or  debated 
and  requires  a  majority  vote.  If  carried,  it 
cannot  be  Reconsidered,  but  may  be 
Taken  from  the  Table.  If  lost  it  can  be 
Reconsidered.  As  a  general  rule,  tabling 
any  question  tables  every  other  question 
that  adheres  to  it  (except  an  amendment 
to  the  minutes  which  may  be  laid  on  the 
table  without  carrying  the  minutes  with  it). 
A  motion  may  be  made  to  table  a  main 
question  subject  to  call.  This  is  not  de- 
batable, but  the  tabled  motion  may  be 
taken  up  for  consideration  on  the  mere  call 
of  a  member  and  no  motion  is  required  for 
that  purpose. 

Main  Motion  or  Main  Question:  The 
main  proposition  before  the  assembly. 
No  other  motion  can  come  before  the  as- 
sembly to  interfere  with  this  except  privi- 
leged questions  (so  called  because  they  are 
of  such  importance  as  to  supersede  all 
others  at  the  time),  Subsidiary  (or  Secon- 
dary) Questions  (those  which  relate  to  the 
principal  motion),  or  Incidental  Questions. 
It  is  unparliamentary  to  state  a  main  mo- 


148        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

tion  and  a  subsidiary  motion  together,  thus 
preventing  debate  on  a  main  motion. 

Majority:  More  than  one-half  of  the  votes 
cast.  PluraHty  means  the  largest  of  two  or 
more  numbers.  Of  21  votes  cast,  if  A  re- 
ceives 9,  B  7,  and  C  5,  A  receives  a  plurality, 
but  must  have  1 1  in  order  to  secure  a  ma- 
jority. 

Meetings:  These  are  of  three  kinds:  An- 
nual, Regular  and  Special.  The  Annual 
meeting  should  close  the  club  year  and 
finish  all  business.  Annual  reports  should 
then  be  made  and  all  unfinished  business 
acted  upon.  Annual  elections  should  then 
be  held.  New  ofiicers  take  office  at  once. 
An  adjourned  meeting  is  legally  the  con- 
tinuation of  the  meeting  of  which  it  is  the 
adjournment.  Unfinished  business  at  the 
end  of  session  may  be  introduced  as  new 
business  at  the  next  session.  If  no  pre- 
siding officer  is  present  at  a  meeting  any 
member  may  call  the  meeting  to  order  and 
install  temporary  officers. 

Meetings,  Conduct  of  Same:  See  Order 
of  Business, 

Minority  Report:  A  report  of  the  conclu- 


PARLIAMENTARY  DEFINITIONS       149 

sions  of  the  minority.  This  may  be  read  as  a 
matter  of  courtesy.  It  is  not  acted  upon 
but  may  be  substituted  for  the  majority 
report,  or  as  an  amendment. 

Minutes:  A  record  or  report  of  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  assembly.  A  resolution 
passed  by  the  body  and  not  entered  on  the 
minutes  is  valid  if  the  fact  can  be  proved. 
The  minutes  are  kept  by  the  recording 
secretary  and  should  be  written  in  ink  in  a 
book  with  full  margins  for  corrections,  and 
should  be  signed  by  the  recording  secretary 
or  secretary  pro  tem.  They  must  be  ap- 
proved by  the  assembly  since  they  stand 
as  the  legal  authority  of  the  organization. 
(The  form  is  "  You  have  heard  the  minutes. 
If  there  is  no  objection  they  stand  ap- 
proved ")•  They  may  be  corrected  by  the 
organization  at  any  time.  The  minutes 
should  contain  only  the  record  of  action 
(unless  the  club  desires  to  have  a  record 
kept  of  speeches  delivered  or  abstracts). 
Motions  put  to  vote  with  movers  and  sec- 
onders are  to  be  recorded,  with  the  result 
of  the  vote.  Motions  that  are  withdrawn 
do  not  appear.     There  should  be  no  per- 


150        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

sonal  remarks,  deductions  or  criticisms  in 
the  minutes.  See  Rescind  for  Expunge 
from  the  Minutes. 

Motion:  A  proposition  made  to  an  as- 
sembly. When  stated  for  acceptance  or 
rejection,  it  is  a  Question;  when  adopted  it 
becomes  the  Order,  Resolution  or  Vote  of 
the  assembly.  The  proposition  is  before 
the  assembly  when  it  is  moved  and  sec- 
onded and  then  stated  by  the  chair.  Ac- 
cording to  some  authorities  the  chair  need 
not  notice  a  motion  which  has  not  been 
seconded.  Others  protest  against  making 
seconding  obligatory.  Motions  are  not  sec- 
onded in  either  House  of  Congress,  in  the 
Legislature  of  Massachusetts  and  in  some 
other  important  deliberative  bodies.  The 
form  is  "  I  move  "  (not  "  I  move  you  ")> 
and  "  I  second  the  motion  ".  In  formal 
bodies  the  mover  and  seconder  rise.  (See 
Right  to  the  Floor  and  Recognition  hy  the 
Chair.)  If  the  original  mover  wishes  to 
withdraw  the  motion,  she  must  obtain  the 
consent  of  the  assembly.     C^  If  there  is  no 

objection  Mrs.  will  be  permitted  to 

withdraw   her   motion ".)      The    seconder 


PARLIAMENTARY  DEFINITIONS       151 

shoiild  also  withdraw,  but  it  is  not  strictly 
necessary.  A  motion  is  lost  if  the  Noes 
have  it.  Destiltory  talk,  informal  sugges- 
tions and  agreements  are  not  binding.  Do 
not  put  a  motion  and  ask  "  Those  in  favor 
to  manifest  it  in  the  usual  way  ".  There  is 
no  "  usual  way  ''.  To  facilitate  routine 
business  the  chair  may  suggest  a  motion. 
The  chair  may  put  a  motion  that  is  not 
seconded  and  tacitly  second  it  herself  by 
saying  "  The  motion  is  made  and  seconded  ". 
In  debating  a  motion  the  floor  should  be 
given  to  alternate  sides.  Unless  no  one  else 
desires  to  speak  the  same  person  should  not 
have  the  floor  twice. 

Nominations:  One  rises  to  make  a  nom- 
ination and  to  second  one  in  formal  assem- 
blies. When  two  or  more  persons  are  nom- 
inated, they  are  voted  for  separately  in  the 
order  named.  A  nomination  should  be 
seconded. 

Nominating  Committee :  A  committee  ap- 
pointed at  election  time  to  ascertain  the 
choice  of  the  majority  and  to  present  a 
ticket.  Nomination  blanks  are  sent  to  each 
member  who  should  fill  in  the  blanks  with 


152        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

the  names  of  preferred  candidates.  Each 
blank  must  be  signed  (or  identified) ;  other- 
wise it  will  be  treated  as  anonymous.  The 
committee  prepares  a  ticket  from  these 
papers.  When  the  report  is  presented  to 
the  club,  the  chairman  of  the  nominating 
committee  reads  the  entire  ticket.  The 
presiding  officer  says,  "  You  have  heard 
the  report  of  the  nominating  committee. 
What  is  your  pleasure?  "  (or  ''  What  will 
you  do  with  it?  '')  A  motion  is  then  in 
order  to  ^^  Proceed  to  the  election  of  offi- 
cers ".    See  Voting. 

Officers:  The  presiding  officer  is  usually 
denominated  the  president,  and  the  record- 
ing officer  the  secretary.  There  may  be 
one  or  more  vice-presidents,  who  act  in  the 
absence  of  the  president.  A  corresponding 
as  well  as  a  recording  secretary,  a  treas- 
urer and  an  auditor  or  auditing  committee 
are  needed.  All  officers  are  members  of  the 
assembly  (save  in  legislative  bodies)  and 
participate  in  the  proceedings,  save  that 
the  presiding  officer  does  not  usually  engage 
in  debate  and  votes  onl}^  when  the  assembly 
is  equally  divided.     Permanent  officers  are 


PARLIAMENTARY  DEFINITIONS       153 

elected  in  all  cases  by  ballot,  unless  there 
is  a  unanimous  choice  for  a  vote  by  accla- 
mation. A  majority  vote  is  necessary  unless 
otherwise  decided.  Honorary  officers  are 
created  by  vote  of  the  club  and  hold  office 
subject  to  the  will  of  the  club.  They  have 
no  pidvileges  or  duties  and  are  usually  ex- 
empt from  fines  and  dues.  See  also  Cont" 
mittees  and  Voting. 

Order  of  Business:  At  regular  meetings 
the  order  is  as  follows: 

1.  Call  to  order. 

2.  Roll  call  (often  omitted,  the  Secretary 
noting  absentees). 

3.  Reading  of  the  Minutes. 

4.  Announcements  by  the  President. 

5.  Statement  of  Treasurer. 

Corresponding  Secretary. 
Chairmen     of    Standing 

Committees. 
Chairmen      of      Special 

Committees. 

6.  Unfinished  business. 

7.  New  business. 

8.  Program. 

9.  Adjournment. 


154        CLUB  WOMAN»S  HANDYBOOK 

At  annual  meetings  the  following  order  is 
observed: 

1.  Call  to  order. 

2.  Reading  of  the  Minutes. 

3.  Reports  of  Officers  and  Chairmen  of 
Committees  in  turn. 

President.  • 

Vice-President. 

Recording  Secretary. 

Corresponding  Secretary. 

Treasurer. 

Auditor. 

Standing  Committees. 

Special  Committees. 

Each  report  is  voted  upon  after  it  is  pre- 
sented, except  the  Treasurer's,  which  is 
voted  upon  after  the  Auditor  reports. 

4.  Unfinished  business. 

5.  New  business. 

6.  Election  of  officers. 

7.  Adjournment. 

Order  or  Orders  of  the  Day:  Considera- 
tion of  a  subject  or  subjects  on  a  certain 
day  by  order  of  the  assembly.  These  are 
the  privileged  questions  for  that  day.     A 


PARLIAMENTARY  DEFINITIONS       155 

motion  to  "  proceed  to  the  orders  of  the 
day '',  means  that  the  different  matters 
must  be  read  and  acted  upon  in  the  order 
in  which  they  stand.  Orders  of  the  day  are 
Special  and  General.  The  regular  order  of 
business  is  General.  The  program  adopted 
for  the  day  or  session  is  Special.  If  the 
orders  of  the  day  are  not  disposed  of  on 
the  day  designed  for  them,  they  fall  and 
must  be  renewed  for  some  other  day,  unless 
the  assembly  has  made  a  rule  providing  that 
the  orders  for  a  particiilar  day  shall  hold 
for  every  succeeding  day  until  disposed  of. 

Question:  A  question  must  be  moved, 
should  (generally)  be  seconded  and  then 
put  before  the  assembly  by  the  presiding 
officer  before  it  is  open  to  debate.  See 
Motion.  To  call  for  the  ^*  question  ''  is  un- 
parliamentary, but  it  is  an  indication  that 
the  assembly  is  ready  to  vote  on  the  ques- 
tion and  may  be  recognized  by  the  chair  as 
such,  but  is  not  compelling. 

Questions  of  Order:  Questions  arising  as 
to  a  breach  or  violation  of  a  rule  or  order 
of  the  assembly.  They  supersede  further 
consideration  of  the  subject  out  of  which 


156        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

they  arise  until  the  question  of  order  is  set- 
tled. They  are  decided  by  the  presiding 
officer  without  debate  or  discussion.  If  the 
decision  is  not  satisfactory,  any  member  may 
object,  whioh  is  called.  Appealing  from  the 
Decision  of  the  Chair.  See  Decision  of  the 
Chair. 

Quorum:  The  necessary  number  of  mem- 
bers to  be  present  in  order  to  transact  busi- 
ness. This  number  may  be  fixed  by  the 
assembly  itself.  If  no  rule  is  established  a 
quorum  will  be  a  majority  of  the  members. 
This  quorum  possesses  the  powers  of  all. 
No  business  can  be  entered  upon,  nor  does 
the  presiding  officer  take  the  chair,  until  a 
quorum  is  present.  A  majority  of  the  votes 
of  the  quorum  present  carries  a  proposition. 
Silence  or  inaction  of  members  present 
does  not  stop  consideration  of  the  vote. 
See  also  Voting, 

Parliamentary  Inquiry:  A  request  for  in- 
formation on  any  rule,  form  or  business. 
It  is  in  order  when  another  member  has  the 
floor,  when  business  or  even  a  highly  priv- 
ileged question  is  before  the  assembly.  The 
inquirer  need  not  wait  to  be  recognized  be- 


PARLIAMENTARY  DEFINITIONS       157 

fore  addressing  the  chair  and  adding,  ^'  I 
rise  to  a  parliamentary  inquiry  ".  The  pre- 
siding officer  says:  ^*  Please  state  the  in- 
quiry ",  and  then  answers  the  inquiry  at 
once.  (Do  not  confuse  this  with  Point  of 
Order,) 

Pending:  .Matters  properly  brought  be- 
fore the  assembly  but  not  yet  carried,  lost, 
laid  on  the  table  or  otherwise  disposed  of, 
are  pending. 

Plurality:  The  highest  of  two  or  more 
numbers.    See  Majority, 

Point  of  Order:  An  inquiry  as  to  the  vio- 
lation of  a  rule  of  order,  by-law  or  the 
constitution.  It  may  be  raised  whatever 
business  is  before  the  assembly,  or  while  a 
member  has  the  floor.  It  requires  no  sec- 
onding and  cannot  be  amended  or  debated. 
The  presiding  officer  should  decide  the  point 
at  once.  The  form  is,  ''  I  rise  to  a  point  of 
order  '\  The  chair  requests  the  member  to 
*^  State  the  point  of  order  ^\  (Do  not  con- 
fuse with  Parliamentary  Inquiry.) 

Postpone:  When  motions  to  postpone 
and  to  amend  are  both  before  the  meeting, 
the  motion  to  postpone  takes  precedence. 


158        CLUB  WOMAN»S  HANDYBOOK 

Postpone  Indefinitely:  When  a  subject  is 
before  the  assembly  (principal  motion),  or  a 
question  relating  to  the  rights  and  privileges 
of  the  assembly  or  individual  members 
(question  of  privilege)  and  it  is  desired  to 
put  the  matter  aside  for  the  session  or  sea- 
son, a  motion  is  in  order  to  '^  postpone  in- 
definitely ''.  This  is  debatable  and  also 
opens  to  debate  the  question  to  be  post- 
poned. It  should  be  seconded  and  cannot 
be  amended.  When  a  resolution  and  amend- 
ment are  pending,  the  amendment  must  be 
voted  upon  before  a  motion  may  be  made 
to  postpone  indefinitely. 

President  or  Presiding  Officer:  In  gen- 
eral, the  President  represents  or  stands  for 
the  club,  declares  its  will  and  obeys  its 
rules.  She  takes  the  chair  and  calls  the 
meeting  to  order,  announces  business,  re- 
ceives and  submits  motions  and  proposi- 
tions, announces  the  result  of  the  vote,  re- 
strains members  within  the  rules  of  order, 
enforces  observations  of  order  and  deconmi, 
authenticates  by  signature  the  acts,  orders 
and  proceedings  of  the  club,  informs  the  as- 
sembly on  points  of  order  or  practice,  and 


PARLIAMENTARY  DEFINITIONS       159 

when  so  directed  appoints  members  to 
serve  on  committees.  One  stroke  of  her 
gavel  calls  the  meeting  to  order.  Three 
strokes  calls  an  unruly  meeting  to  order. 
The  presiding  officer  may  read  sitting,  but 
should  rise  to  state  a  motion  or  put  a  ques- 
tion. She  may  not  interrupt  a  member 
who  is  speaking,  or  cut  off  a  speaker  to 
whom  she  has  given  the  floor  (save  when 
there  is  a  time  limit).  When  the  president 
rises  to  speak,  others  who  have  risen  should 
sit.  If  the  president  refuses  to  put  a  mo- 
tion or  leaves  the  meeting,  the  vice-president 
may  put  a  motion  properly  made.  In 
order  to  participate  in  the  proceedings  the 
president  must  leave  the  chair  (which  the 
vice-president  may  take  until  the  president 
resumes  it).  When  the  vote  is  by  ballot 
the  president  may  vote  as  a  member.  The 
president  is  not  ex-officio  a  member  of  any 
committee,  except  by  special  rule.  The 
president  speaks  of  the  chair  as  '^  your  presi- 
dent "  (not  "  I  '').  See  also  Executive 
Board. 

Previous  Question:  To  stop  debating  or 
amending  and  to  get  a  vote  on  the  question 


i6o        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

which  is  before  the  assembly  one  may 
"  Move  the  previous  question  ^\  This 
forces  an  immediate  vote  on  the  pending 
amendment,  motion  or  resolution.  It  re- 
quires a  two-thirds  vote  to  carry.  It  should 
be  seconded,  cannot  be  amended  or  debated 
and  cannot  be  moved  while  another  mem- 
ber has  the  floor.  The  form  is,  ^*  I  move  the 
previous  question '\  It  is  stated:  *^  The 
previous  question  has  been  moved  and  sec- 
onded; those  in  favor  of  closing  the  debate 
will  say  aye,  contrary,  no  ''.  Another  form 
is,  "It  is  moved  and  seconded  that  the 
debate  shall  now  cease  '',  or  "  Shall  the 
main  question  now  be  put?  " 

Principal  Motion  (or  Question) :  A  motion 
introducing  a  subject.     See  Main  Motion. 

Privileged  Questions:  Motions  or  ques- 
tions which  the  assembly  has  decided  are  of 
superior  importance  and  thus  are  entitled 
to  take  precedence  of  all  others,  even  the 
main  question  before  the  house.  They  are: 
motions  to  adjourn,  motions  relating  to  the 
rights  or  privileges  of  the  assembly  or  of 
individual  members  and  motions  for  the 
orders  of  the  day. 


PARLIAMENTARY  DEFINITIONS       i6i 

Pro  Tern:  An  officer  appointed  to  serve 
for  the  time  (pro  tempore)  should  be  so 
designated  (chairman  pro  tem,  etc.).  In 
the  organization  of  a  club,  temporary  officers 
retain  their  places  until  the  close  of  the 
meeting,  altho  permanent  officers  have  been 
elected. 

Reading  of  Papers:  When  a  question  is 
before  an  assembly  the  members  have  a 
right  to  call  for  the  reading  of  the  paper  or 
papers  relative  to  the  matter  before  voting. 
When  called  for,  the  paper  is  read  by  the 
secretary  under  the  direction  of  the  presiding 
officer,  who  must  judge  whether  this  is  a 
real  request  for  information  or  a  ruse  to 
take  up  the  time  of  the  assembly. 

Recognition  by  the  Chair:  The  presiding 
officer  recognizes  a  would-be  speaker  by 
calling  the  name,  bowing  or  otherwise 
designating  the  member.  One  who  desires 
the  floor  must  rise  and  address  the  presiding 
officer  by  title; 

Recommit:  See  Commitment, 

Reconsider:  In  changing  an  action  al- 
ready taken,  the  course  is  to  reconsider. 
It  must  be  moved  by  a  member  who  voted 


i62         CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

on  the  prevailing  or  winning  side  (except 
when  the  voting  is  by  ballot).  It  can  be 
seconded  by  any  member.  To  reconsider 
needs  only  a  majority  vote.  A  motion  to 
reconsider  is  debatable  when  the  question 
itself  is  debatable.  After  voting  to  re- 
consider, the  question  must  be  disposed  of 
at  the  same  or  the  next  meeting.  The  as- 
sembly should  have  a  rule  to  regulate  the 
time,  the  manner  and  by  whom  a  motion 
to  reconsider  may  be  made.  The  form 
is,  "I  move  to  reconsider  the  motion 
or  question  ".  (State  the  motion  or  ques- 
tion.) 

Recording  Secretary:  This  officer  takes 
notes  of  all  the  proceedings  and  enters  them 
on  the  minutes,  makes  a  roll  of  the  mem- 
bers, reads  all  papers  which  may  be  ordered 
read,  calls  the  roll  (noting  those  absent), 
authenticates  by  signature  the  acts,  orders 
and  proceedings,  takes  charge  of  the  papers 
and  document<5  of  the  club  and  presides  in 
the  absence  of  the  president  and  vice- 
president  (when  the  corresponding  secretary 
takes  the  minutes).  The  recording  sec- 
retary sits  on  the  platform  or  near  the 


PARLIAMENTARY  DEFINITIONS       163 

president,  whom  she  may  advise  as  to  the 
business  order.  She  stands  while  reading  or 
calling  the  assembly  to  order.  (Such  stand- 
ing gives  her  no  right  to  the  floor  to  make 
a  motion,  etc.)  In  formal  assemblies  she 
reads  the  written  motion  with  name  of 
mover  and  seconder;  the  chair  then  puts  the 
motion.    See  also  Minutes. 

Reports:  See  Committee  Reports. 

Rescind:  The  withdrawal  from  a  course 
of  action  already  decided  upon,  when  too 
late  to  reconsider,  may  be  accomplished 
through  a  motion  to  rescind.  Disapproval 
of  an  action  may  be  included  in  a  motion 
to  rescind  by  including  in  the  motion  a  vote 
to  have  it  expunged  from  the  minutes.  A 
line  is  then  drawn  around  or  through  the 
record  in  the  minutes  and  across  this  is 
written  '^  Expunged  by  order  of  the  as- 
sembly (club  or  society)  ''. 

Resolution:  A  committee's  report  should 
generally  close  with  a  formal  resolution 
covering  all  its  recommendations.  A  reso- 
lution should  be  written,  read  and  handed  to 
the  presiding  officer  or  recording  secretary. 
Adoption  needs  a  majority  vote  of  the  mem- 


i64        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

bers  voting,  not  of  members  present  or  the 
members  of  the  society.  The  form  is,  ''  I 
move  to  agree  to  the  resolution  ^\  See 
Committee  Reports. 

Right  to  the  Floor:  After  rising  and  ob- 
taining recognition  from  the  chair  a  member 
cannot  be  cut  off,  cannot  be  interrupted  by 
a  motion  to  adjourn,  by  orders  of  the  day, 
or  by  any  privileged  motion.  Only  by  a 
call  to  order  can  she  be  interrupted  and 
after  that  is  decided  she  may  still  be  heard. 
When  a  member  gives  up  the  floor  to  another 
she  loses  it. 

Rotation  in  Office :  A  compulsory  change 
of  officers  every  few  years,  or  after  a  stated 
time,  thus  giving  other  members  a  chance 
of  holding  office. 

Rules  of  Order:  Resolutions  of  a  per- 
manent nature  which  have  some  bearing  on 
the  conduct  of  the  club  and  its  meetings 
(such  a^  fines  for  tardiness,  pimctuality  in 
calling  meetings  to  order,  etc.). 

Secondary  Motions:  See  Subsidiary  Mo- 
tions. 

Seconding  a  Motion:  This  is  not  impera- 
tive or  legally  necessary,  but  is  advisable 


PARLIAMENTARY  DEFINITIONS       165 

in  order  to  show  that  there  is  a  backing  for 
the  proposition  or  nomination.  A  nomina- 
tion or  motion  may  be  put  to  vote  without 
a  seconding,  but  it  is  unusual  in  practice 
save  in  formal  legislative  bodies.  See 
Motion. 

Session:  The  session  of  a  club  is  the 
period  over  which  its  business  meetings 
extend.  Clubs  meet  usually  from  fall  to 
spring.  Annual  meetings  should  be  ar- 
ranged by  the  constitution  to  terminate 
the  session.     See  also  Meetings, 

Silence :  On  a  vote,  silence  gives  consent. 
See  Voting. 

Speaking:  See  Debate. 
Standing  Committee:  See  Committee, 
Standing  Rules:  See  Rules  of  Order, 
Subsidiary  Motions  or  Questions:  Those 
which  relate  to  a  main  or  principal  motion 
and  are  made  use  of  to  enable  the  assembly 
to  dispose  of  them  in  the  quickest  and  best 
way.     They-  are  the  following:  to  Lay  on 
the  Table,  the  Previous  Question,  Postpone 
to  a  Certain  Time,  to  Postpone  Indefinitely, 
Commitment  and  Amendment.     With  few 
exceptions  they  cannot  be  applied  to  each 


i66        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

other,  but  only  to  the  main  motion.  The 
exceptions  are:  motions  to  Postpone,  Com- 
mit or  Amend  (except  to  amend  a  Previous 
Question).  Principal  and  Subsidiary  mo- 
tions cannot  be  stated  together  as  it  is 
unparliamentary  to  deprive  members  of  the 
right  to  debate  on  a  Principal  motion. 

Suspension  of  Rule:  When  an  existing 
rule  blocks  consideration  of  a  contemplated 
motion  or  proceeding,  it  may  be  suspended 
or  dispensed  with  by  a  motion  to  suspend 
the  rule.  It  should  be  carried  by  a  two- 
thirds,  or  three-fourths  vote  in  order  to  get 
a  good  sized  majority  vote,  or  it  may  be 
done  by  general  consent. 

Take  from  the  Table :  A  question  laid  on 
the  table  cannot  be  considered  by  an  as- 
sembly at  the  same  session  unless  taken 
from  the  table.  This  can  be  done  at  the  same 
session  at  any  time  when  no  other  business 
is  before  the  assembly.  Motion  to  take 
from  the  table  should  be  seconded.  It 
cannot  be  amended  or  debated  and  needs 
a  majority  vote.  The  vote  to  take  from 
the  table  when  carried  cannot  be  recon- 
sidered, but  the  question  may  again  be  laid 


PARLIAMENTARY  DEFINITIONS       167 

on  the  table.  The  vote  when  lost  may  be 
reconsidered. 

Treasurer:  This  officer  takes  charge  of 
the  money  of  the  club,  collects  and  holds 
the  fees  and  dues  and  dispenses  them  as 
directed,  presents  statements  at  business 
meetings  and  renders  a  yearly  report  which 
must  be  submitted  to  the  auditor  or  audit- 
ing committee.  Bills  should  be  approved 
by  the  president  before  they  are  paid  by 
the  treasurer. 

Undebatable  Questions:  Those  opening 
the  main  question  to  debate.  The  following 
motions  or  questions  are  not  debatable:  to 
Adjourn,  to  Rise  in  Committee  of  the 
Whole,  Orders  of  the  Day,  Suspension  of 
the  Rules,  an  Appeal  (unless  the  chair 
throws  it  open  for  debate),  an  objection  to 
Consideration  of  the  Question,  to  Lay  on 
the  Table,  to  Take  from  the  Table,  the 
Previous  Question,  to  Reconsider  a  question 
which  is  itself  undebatable,  the  Reading  of 
Papers,  the  Withdrawal  of  a  motion,  to  Fix 
the  Time  to  which  the  assembly  shall  ad- 
journ (if  made  when  no  other  motion  is 
before  the  assembly). 


i68        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

Unfinished  Business:  Business  remaining 
imfinished  at  the  last  business  meeting  of 
the  season  may  be  introduced  as  new  busi- 
ness at  the  first  business  meeting  of  the  next 
season. 

Vice  President:  The  president's  assistant 
or  substitute  in  carrying  on  the  work  of 
the  club.  She  takes  the  chair  in  the  absence 
of  the  president. 

Voting:  The  popular  method  is  by  yeas 
and  nays,  also  known  as  ayes  and  noes,  viva 
voce  or  acclamation.  Other  methods  are 
by  ballot,  by  division  (affirmatives  going 
to  the  right,  the  negatives  to  the  left),  by 
standing,  by  silent  assent — all  who  do  not 
take  the  trouble  to  oppose  are  supposed  to 
be  in  favor.  Silence  gives  consent  and  is 
acquiescent  with  the  majority  vote.  In 
small  assemblies,  votes  may  be  cotmted  by 
the  chair.  It  is  better  for  the  chair  to 
request  the  secretary  to  count  and  report 
to  the  chair.  In  large  meetings  the  count- 
ing should  be  done  by  tellers  appointed  by 
the  chair,  the  chair  announcing  the  result. 
When  the  vote  is  in  doubt,  the  chair  may 
take  the  count  by  a  different  method  (yeas 


PARLIAMENTARY  DEFINITIONS       169 

and  nays  or  balloting  can  be  ordered  only 
by  a  majority  vote).  A  member  may 
change  her  vote  at  any  time  before  the 
result  is  declared.  During  the  same  ses- 
sion a  vote  may  be  reconsidered.  All  elec- 
tions should  be  by  ballot.  When  the  ticket 
of  the  nominating  committee  has  been  pre- 
sented and  the  motion  carried  to  *^  proceed 
to  the  election  of  officers  '',  nominations 
from  the  floor  are  in  order  as  each  office  is 
considered  separately.  The  chair  appoints  a 
committee  of  two  to  count  the  votes.  By  a 
tmanimous  vote  the  whole  ticket  as  pre- 
pared by  the  nominating  committee  may 
be  accepted  and  the  secretary  empowered 
to  cast  the  vote  for  the  assembly.  The 
committee  should  report  the  number  of 
votes  cast,  the  number  necessary  for  elec- 
tion and  state  that  the  candidate  "  seems 
to  be  elected  ".  In  restating  it  the  chair 
says,  ^^  The  candidate  is  elected ".  The 
candidate  receiving  the  lowest  ntimber  of 
votes  is  mentioned  first.  The  chair  has  a 
right  to  vote  as  a  member,  but  usually 
does  not  do  so  except  in  case  of  a  tie,  when 
she  may  vote  in  the  affirmative^  thus  carry- 


I70        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

ing  a  motion,  or  in  the  negative,  thus  de- 
feating a  motion,  or  her  vote  may  make  a 
tie,  thus  calling  for  a  new  vote.  During 
the  verification  of  a  vote,  debate  on  an 
amendment,  or  a  motion  to  adjourn,  are 
not  in  order.  See  also  Nominating  Com- 
mittee and  Officers. 

Withdrawal  of  a  Motion:  A  member  who 
makes  a  motion  may  withdraw  it  by  unani- 
mous consent.  If  it  has  been  seconded  the 
seconder  must  also  withdraw  it.  It  need 
not  be  recorded  on  the  minutes.  See  also 
Motion. 

Yield  the  Floor:  A  member  who  volun- 
tarily yields  the  floor  to  another,  loses  it. 
See  also  Right  to  the  Floor  and  Recognition 
by  the  Chair. 

Yeas  and  Nays :  The  technical  expression 
of  the  vote  by  Yes  and  No  or  Ayes  and  Noes. 


VI 

HOW  AND  WHERE  TO  GET  HELP 

I.  The  Library 

If  you  have  a  library  in  your  town,  it 
should  work  with  you  and  for  you.  Trav- 
eling libraries  are  supported  by  many 
women's  clubs  and  also  by  many  states. 
Make  demands  upon  these  libraries.  If 
they  do  not  respond  practically  to  your 
requests,  they  are  behind  the  times. 

There  are  Library  Commissions  in  many 
states.  A  letter  addressed  to  the  State 
Library  will  bring  information  as  to  this 
commission  and  what  the  libraries  of  the 
state  can  do  for  the  student.  Many  states 
pay  special  attention  to  this  work  and  send 
cases  of  books  for  the  season  to  clubs,  on 
condition  that  the  club  pay  the  expressage 
for  the  same.  They  also  lend  pictures  and 
lantern  slides.  The  library  organizer  or 
secretary  will  make  out  lists  of  books  and 
advise  you  as  to  programs.  If  your  home 
171 


172         CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

library  does  not  come  up  to  yoiir  needs, 
suggest  that  the  librarian  consult  the  state 
organizer  for  help  in  collecting  and  arrang- 
ing material  for  club  work  and  for  making 
the  library  efficient.  See  your  library 
trustees  about  this. 

It  is  the  library  commission's  business  to 
start  libraries  and  to  help  in  any  way. 
This  is  done  without  charge.  It  should  be 
the  business  of  club  women  to  see  that  the 
library  of  their  town  or  village  is  doing 
good  work,  since  these  women  should  be 
intelligent  users  of  the  same.  Make  your 
librarian  realize  that  you  must  get  more, 
or  as  much  as  possible,  from  the  library 
and  so  stimulate  her  to  do  her  best.  If 
your  library  is  a  small  one,  make  it  possible 
for  the  librarian  to  visit  other  institutions 
where  the  best  work  is  done.  Take  turns 
helping  her  at  the  library.  The  inter- 
library  loan  system  makes  it  possible  for 
libraries  to  help  each  other.  Suggest  that 
she  ask  other  libraries  for  advice  about 
club  work.  Give  her  warning  well  ahead 
of  time  that  you  expect  material  on  cer- 
tain topics  and  ask  her  to  be  prepared  for 


HOW  AND  WHERE  TO  GET  HELP     173 

you.  Suggest  that  she  apply  to  the  state 
library,  or  other  libraries,  for  books  to  keep 
on  her  shelves  during  your  club  season. 

In  short,  get  your  home  library  to  realize 
that  you  expect  it  to  work  for  you.  By  so 
doing  you  will  not  only  help  your  own 
cause,  but  also  promote  greater  efficiency 
in  the  library  itself.  If  it  is  asleep  you  will 
waken  it.  If  inefficient,  you  should  take 
a  hand  in  stirring  things  up.  Your  library, 
your  club  and  you  yourselves  will  feel  the 
benefit.  Another  point:  get  other  clubs  to 
exchange  programs  with  you  and  form  a 
reciprocity  bureau.  Do  not  hesitate  to 
make  demands  on  your  state  federation 
for  speakers.  An  appeal  to  the  reference 
library  of  any  large  city  will  bring  informa- 
tion about  the  officers  of  the  state  organiza- 
tion. If  you  have  no  local  or  traveling 
library  ask  assistance  from  any  large 
library  in  the  country. 

n.  Books  and  Courses  of  Study 

For  program  planning,  take  any  well 
recommended  book  on  the  subject  you  have 
chosen   and   plan   the    program   from   the 


174        CLUB  WOMAN»S  HANDYBOOK 

author's  chapter  headings,  since  the  writer 
has  undoubtedly  given  much  thought  to 
the  arrangement  and  development  of  his 
topic.  J.  M.  Robertson's  Courses  of  Study 
is  full  of  suggestions  for  topics  and  plans. 
Also  What  Books  to  Read  and  How  to 
Read,  by  David  Pryde  (newly  edited 
by  Francis  W.  Halsey).  Colleges  and  Uni- 
versities issue  syllabi  of  courses  and  lec- 
tures, especially  those  that  undertake  Uni- 
versity Extension  work.  The  American 
Society  for  the  Extension  of  University 
Teaching  (iii  South  15th  Street,  Philadel- 
phia) issues  syllabi  which  present  excellent 
plans  and  lists  of  books  on  an  infinite  vari- 
ety of  topics.  The  University  of  the  State 
of  New  York,  Home  Education  Department, 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  issues  numbered  bulletins 
on  different  subjects. 

The  Wisconsin  Library  Commission 
(Madison,  Wis.)  issues  booklets  covering 
many  interesting  topics. 

Best  Books  and  Reader's  Guide  to  Con- 
temporary Literature,  by  W.  S.  Sonnen- 
schein  are  arranged  under  subject  and  have 
valuable  explanatory  notes. 


HOW  AND   WHERE  TO   GET  HELP     175 

Poole's  Index  to  Periodical  Literature,  the 
Reader's  Guide  to  Periodical  Literature, 
The  Annual  Library  Index  (now  The  Amer- 
ican Library  Annual)  are  priceless  aids  to 
club  work  as  they  index  the  current  maga- 
zines and  books  up  to  the  current  month. 

Clark  University  (Worcester,  Mass.)  is- 
sues a  List  on  Social  Questions. 

Social  Forces,  an  outline  published  by 
the  Wisconsin  Woman's  Suffrage  Associ- 
ation. 

Social  Questions  of  Today  is  a  list  com- 
piled by  the  Public  Library  of  Newark,  New 
Jersey,  and  published  by  the  Special  Li- 
braries Association,  93  Broad  Street,  Boston. 

A  List  of  Books  for  Girls  and  Women  and 
their  Clubs,  by  A.  H.  Leypoldt  and  George 
lies,  is  a  valuable  little  book. 

Pros  and  Cons,  by  Asa  H.  Craig,  con- 
tains debates  fully  discussed  with  by-laws 
and  parliamentary  rules  for  conducting 
debate. 

Pros  and  Cons,  by  J.  B.  Askew,  gives 
both  sides  on  a  number  of  important  topics. 

Hand-book  for  Literary  and  Debating 
Societies,  by  L.  M.  Gibson. 


176        CLUB  WOMAN^S  HANDYBOOK 

Intercollegiate  Debates,  by  P.  M.  Pearson 
(Volume  II  is  by  E.  R.  Nicholls). 

References  for  Literary  Workers,  by 
Henry  Matson. 

Briefs  for  Debates  on  current  political, 
economical  and  social  topics  by  W.  Dubois 
Brookings  and  R.  C.  Ringwalt. 

Briefs  on  Public  Questions,  by  R.  C. 
Ringwalt  (selected  lists  of  references). 

Guide  to  Reading  in  social,  ethical  and 
allied  subjects  by  teachers  in  Harvard  Uni- 
versity. 

Guide  to  the  Best  Historical  Novels  and 
Tales,  by  Jonathan  Nield. 

Guide  to  British  Historical  Fiction,  by 
J.  A.  Buckley. 

History  in  Fiction,  by  E.  A.  Baker. 

Descriptive  Catalog  of  Historical  Novels 
and  Tales,  by  H.  C.  Bowen. 

Readers  Guide  to  Irish  Fiction,  by  S.  J. 
Brown. 

The  Library  and  Social  Movements,  a 
list  of  material  obtainable  free  or  at  small 
expense  may  be  had  from  the  publishing 
board  of  the  American  Library  Association, 
78  East  Washington  Street,  Chicago. 


HOW  AND  WHERE  TO   GET  HELP     177 

Government  Publications  is  a  list  pub- 
lished weekly  by  M.  E.  Greathouse,  510 
Twelfth  Street,  Washington,  D.  C. 

III.  Information  and  Material  on  Special 
Subjects 

The  Survey,  published  at  105  East  22nd 
Street,  New  York  City. 

The  Consumers  League  (National),  105 
East  22nd  Street,  New  York  City. 

The  League  for  Social  Service,  105  East 
22nd  Street,  New  York  City. 

Russell  Sage  Foundation,  105  East  22nd 
Street,  New  York  City. 

The  National  Conservation  Association. 
Address  Secretary,  Colonial  Building,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

The  Drama  League  of  America.  Leagues 
are  formed  in  many  cities.  The  address  of 
the  secretary  of  the  Brooklyn  League  is 
Miss  Mary  Shea,  278  Jefferson  Ave. 

The  Mimicipal  Reference  Bureau,  Wis- 
consin University,  Madison,  Wisconsin. 

The  Bureau  of  Municipal  Research,  261 
Broadway,  New  York  City. 


178        CLUB  WOMAN»S  HANDYBOOK 

Special  Libraries  Association,  93  Broad 
Street,  Boston. 

A  List  of  Organizations  for  Civic  Better- 
ment has  been  compiled  by  A.  W.  Mac- 
Dougall,  Secretary  of  the  Bureau  of  Chari- 
ties of  Newark,  New  Jersey. 

The  Efficiency  Society  has  its  head- 
quarters at  41  Park  Row,  New  York  City. 

IV.    Information  about  Clubs  and  Club 
Work 

The  History  of  the  Club  Movement  in 
America,  by  Mrs.  Jane  C.  Croly  (^^  Jennie 
June  ")>  gives  the  origin,  history  and  other 
information  of  the  American  clubs  and  tells 
interesting  stories  of  the  leading  club  women 
in  the  country. 

A  Report  of  Clubs  and  their  Study  is  is- 
sued by  the  Home  Education  Department 
of  the  University  of  the  State  of  New  York 
(Albany). 

The  Ladies^  Home  Journal  contains  a 
department  for  club  work  under  the  auspices 
of  the  General  Federation  of  Women's 
Clubs. 


HOW  AND  WHERE  TO   GET  HELP     179 

The  Woman^s  Home  Companion  also  has 
such  a  column.  Both  these  periodicals  state 
that  they  welcome  queries  and  will  give 
assistance  to  clubs  or  individuals. 

The  Official  Register  and  Directory  of 
Women's  Clubs  is  edited  and  published  by 
Mrs.  Helen  M.  Winslow  at  Shirley,  Mass. 
($1.50).  It  is  a  year-book  of  officers,  city 
clubs  and  state  federations.  It  contains 
also  a  list  of  lecturers  and  entertainers 
classified  according  to  subject. 

The  General  Federation  of  Women's 
Clubs  maintains  a  Bureau  of  Information 
which  is  in  charge  of  Mrs.  Mary  I.  Wood, 
Congress  Block,  Portsmouth,  New  Hamp- 
shire. There  is  a  Reciprocity  Bureau  in 
connection  with  this  office  for  the  exchange 
of  programs. 

The  Book  Order  Bureau  of  Chicago  is  in 
charge  of  Kate  F.  McQuigg,  1018  North 
State  Street,  Chicago,  111.  It  gives  expert 
advice  and  assistance  in  club  work.  Lists 
of  books  are  supplied  on  any  subject  and 
papers  written. 

The  Club  Woman  is  published  at  500 
Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City. 


r8o        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

Official  Register  of  Women's  Clubs,  the 
City  of  Chicago  and  Suburbs,  H.  H.  De 
Clerque,  701  Schiller  Building,  Chicago,  111. 

The  Woman's  Club,  Mrs.  H.  (M)  Miller. 

Attitude  of  Women's  Clubs  and  Asso- 
ciations towards  Social  Economics,  by  E.  M. 
Henrotin.  Issued  by  superintendent  of 
documents,  Washington,  D.  C.  (10  cents). 

Directory  of  public  educational  work  by 
156  educational  associations  and  committees 
from  June,  1905,  to  March,  1907,  edited  by 
Dora  Keene. 

Woman's  Club  Work  and  Programs,  by 
Mrs.  C.  B.  Burrell. 

Outlines  for  Club  Study,  by  H.  M. 
Winslow. 

Club  Women  of  New  York,  published  an- 
nually ($3.00),  I.  B.  Roberts,  289  4th 
Avenue,  New  York  City. 

Woman's  Work  and  Organizations,  pub- 
lished by  the  American  Academy. 


VII 
BOOK  LISTS 

(Books  on  the  following  topics  will  be  found  listed  with 
their  authors'  names  on  the  pages  here  indicated.) 

America,  41-42,  44>  45,  47,  4^,  loi,  102 
American  authors,  41,  42.  43 
American  history,  10 1 
American  Hterature,  41,  42,  43 
American  Hterature  (Colonial),  42,  43 
American  literature  (nineteenth  century),  41,  42,  43 
American  literature  (Revolution),  42,  43 
Architecture,  51,  52,  53,  54,  55,  56,  58,  122,  123 
Architecture  (Colonial),  53. 
Architecture  (Domestic),  53,  58,  122,  123 
Architectural  styles,  51,  58 
Art,  57,  91,  119 
Arts  and  Crafts,  91,  119,  122 
As  others  see  us,  44,  45 
Authors  and  their  homes,  43,  88 
Boy  problem,  the,  62,  77,  97,  98,  99,  122,  123 
Building,  53,  56,  58,  122,  123 
Caricature,  91 
Cathedrals,  53,  54,  55 
Charities,  97,  98,  99 

Child  question,  the,  62,  63,  96,  97,  98,  99,  106 
Children's  literature,  62,  63 
Church  architecture,  53,  54.  55 
Churches,  53,  54,  55,  92 
Citizenship,  65,  78,  94,  95,  iii,  112 
City  government,  65,  78,  94,  1 10 
181 


i82         CLUB  WOMAN^S   HANDYBOOK 

City  planning,  56,  65,  94 

Civic  art,  56,  65,  iii,  112 

Clergy  in  letters,  the,  43 

Clubs  and  club  work,  178,  179,  180 

Colonial  styles,  53 

Commission  government,  65 

Conservation,  77  to  79 

Cooking,  85 

Courses  of  study,  174,  175 

Debates,  175,  176 

Delinquents,  77,  97,  98,  99 

Democracy,  47,  48,  94,  109,  iii 

Dependents,  ']^^  97,  98,  99 

Discoverers,  47,  10 1,  102 

Drama,  the,  68,  82 

Education,  77,  78,  96,  97,  98,  106,  iii,  118 
Efficiency,  65,  ^^,  78,  79,  85,  93,  106,  iii,  119,  122, 

123 
English  literature,  88 
Eugenics,  78,  106 
Evolution,  93,  118 
Expansion  (American),  47,  48,  96 
Explorers,  100,  10 1,  102 
Fairy  tales,  62,  63 
Fiction,  88,  175,  176 
Food,  85 

Furniture,  122,  123 
Greek  drama,  the,  82 
Greek  history,  82 
Greek  literature,  82 
Health,  92,  93,  97,  126 
Historic  fiction,  176 
Home,  78,  79,  85,  122,  123 
House  building,  53,  58,  85,  122,  123 
Household  decoration,  85,  122,  123 
Household  economics,  78,  79,  85,  122,  123,  126 


BOOK  LISTS  183 

Hygiene,  92,  93,  126 

Hypnotism,  92,  93 

Illustration,  91 

Immigration,  47,  48,  95,  in 

Juvenile  delinquents,  77,  98,  99 

Liquor  question,  the,  91,  92 

Literature,  41,  42,  43,  88 

Manual  training,  1 18,  1 19 

Medicine,  92,  93 

Mind  and  body,  92,  93,  1 18 

Miracle  plays,  68 

Monopolies,  109 

Montessori  method,  the,  62,  78 

Municipal  art,  56,  65 

Municipal  ownership,  94 

Mural  decoration,  57 

Mural  painting,  57 

Music,  90 

Mystery  plays,  68 

Myths,  62 

Navigators,  100,  10 1,  102 

New  England  writers,  41,  42,  43 

Novel,  the,  88,  176 

Opera,  the,  90 

Parliamentary  law,  129 

Peace,  96 

Philanthropy,  77,  97,  98,  99,  in,  112 

Psychotherapy,  92,  93 

Public  buildings,  56,  65 

Reference  books,  174  to  180 

Reforms,  91,  94,  95,  97,  98,  99,  no,  in 

Religion,  91,  92 

Renaissance,  the,  54,  102 

Saloon,  the,  91,  92 

Schools,  78,  96,  97,  99,  106,  118 

Science,  92,  93 


i84        CLUB  WOMAN'S  HANDYBOOK 

.^cialism,  48,  95 
Social  settlements,  98,  99 
Societies,  177,  178 
Sociology,  78,  92,  94,  95,  98,  99,  106,  108,  III,  112, 

118,  126,  175 
South  in  literature,  the,  42,  43 
Stage,  the,  68,  82 
State  ownership,  94,  95,  1 14 
Statesmen  in  letters,  42,  43 
Story  telling,  62,  63 
Study  courses,  174  to  177 
Suffrage,  the,  112 
Sunday,  91,  92 
Taxation,  no 
Theater,  the,  68,  82 
Tramps,  77,  in 
Transcendentalism,  42 
United  States,  the,  44,  45,  47,  96 
Waste,  77 

Welfare  work,  98,  99,  in,  112 

Woman  question,  the,  78,  85,  112,  122,  123,  126,  175 
Women  in  American  literature,  42,  43 


INDEX 

(Parliamentary  definitions  being  arranged  alphabetically  are 
not  included  in  this  index) 


Abnormalities.  73. 
Aboriginal  authors,  36. 
Aborigines,  113. 
Academie  franfaise,  33. 
Accidents,  73. 
Adolescence,  61,  105. 
Adulterations,  84,  110. 
.Eschylus,  80,  81. 
^Esthetic  standards,  76. 
Age  of  Elizabeth,  22. 
Agriculture,  70,  115. 
All  year  schools,  104. 
Almanac,  38. 
Almsgiving,  28,  97. 
Alms-houses,  74. 
Alsop,  George,  36. 
America  and  the  Americans,  44. 
America,  a  social  study,  20. 
America,  a  world  power,  46. 
American  arch.,  32. 
American  art,  91. 
American  discovery,  25. 
American  education,  46. 
American  literature,  25,  35. 
American  manners,  76. 
American  scholarship,  46. 
American  style,  32. 
American  voices,  46. 
American  women,  46,  47. 
Amens,  23. 
Analytic  novel,  86. 
Andersen,  Hans  Christian,  61, 
Animals,  71. 
Annuals,  40. 

Anti-slavery  writers,  40. 
Apartment  houses,  83. 
Appeals,  American,  36. 
Apprentice  system,  104. 
Arch,  the,  51. 
Architectural  styles,  51. 
Architecture,  21,  50,  51,  75,  76, 

83. 
Architecture,  American,  32. 
Architecture,  Roman,  25. 
Aristophanes,  81,  82. 
Art,  21,  90,  114. 
Arts  and  crafts,  91,  118. 
Aryan  myths,  31. 


Associated  charities,  98. 
Assyrian  architecture,  51. 
Attic  comedy,  82. 
Austen,  Jane,  86. 
Authors,  American,  41. 
Automatic  kitchens,  30. 

Backyards,  32. 

Bacteriology,  83. 

Bakeries,  75,  83,  84. 

Ballads,  23,  38,  39. 

Balzac,  86. 

Baths,  110. 

Battle  songs,  American,  40. 

Bay  psalm  book,  38. 

Beautiful  song  of  Dionysius,  80. 

Beethoven,  29. 

Bennett,  Arnold,  86. 

Bergson,  Henri,  93. 

Best  sellers,  76. 

Bible,  60. 

Big  brothers,  74. 

Biographers,  American,  38,  40. 

Birds,  72. 

Blue  stocking,  38. 

Boards  of  Education,  105. 

Boards  of  Health,  94. 

Boccaccio,  25, 

Body,  care  of,  72. 

Books,  25. 

Books  for  boys,  61. 

Books  for  girls,  61. 

Books  for  programs,  174,  175. 

Bourget,  86. 

Boys'  books,  61. 

Bradford,  William,  37. 

Bradstreet,  Anne,  38, 

Brahms,  90. 

Bronte,  86. 

Brown,  Charles  Brockdon,  39. 

Bruges,  23. 

Bruno,  24. 

Budd,  Thomas,  39. 

Buddha,  24. 

Budget,  31. 

Building  art,  49,  52. 

Building  and  Loan  Assn.,  29. 

Bulkeley,  Peter,  37. 


185 


i86 


INDEX 


Bungalows,  33, 
Burbank,  Luther,  93. 
Business  buildings,  56. 
Business  colleges,  104. 
Buster  Brown,  60. 
By-laws,  140. 
Bylis,  Mather,  38. 
Byzantine  arch.,  51. 

Cambridge  poets,  40. 

Camps,  33. 

Canneries,  84. 

Carlyle,  24. 

Carrel,  73,  93. 

Cartoonists,  90. 

Central  west  in  literature,  41. 

Charity,  28. 

Chaucer,  24. 

Chauncey,  Charles,  37. 

Cheapness,  115. 

Chemistry  of  food,  83,  84. 

Chester,  23. 

Chester  plays,  66. 

Child  labor,  73,  98,  105,  110. 

Child  study,  21,  96. 

Children's  bureau,  98. 

Children's  court,  74,  96,  111. 

Children's  literature,  59,  105. 

Children's  reading,  59,  96,  105. 

Chinese,  51. 

Chinese  coolies,  food  of,  84. 

Choerilus,  80. 

Chronicle  plays,  66,  67. 

Church,  the,  91. 

Church  and  empire,  24. 

Church  architecture,  33,  53. 

Cities,  64,  113. 

Citizenship,  105,  114. 

City  architecture,  55. 

City  halls,  55. 

City  streets,  57. 

City  we  live  in,  64. 

Civic  art.  111. 

Civic  conscience.  111. 

Civilization,  107. 

Climate,  51,  55,  113. 

Clinics,  public,  73. 

Clubs,  how  to  form,  127. 

Coal,  71.  ^ 

Co-education,  96. 

Cold  storage,  84. 

Colleges,  104. 

Colleges,  American,  39. 

Colman,  Benjamin,  38. 

Colonial  architecture,  32. 

Colonial  expansion,  95. 

Colonial  literature,  39. 

Colonial  period  in  Virginia,  36. 

Colonial  style,  52. 


Colonial  women,  124. 
Colonists,  32,  101,  102. 
Colonists  in  literature,  36. 
Columbus,  100. 
Column  and  arch,  51. 
Comedy,  66,  81. 
Comic  papers,  41. 
Comic  poets,  82. 
Commerce,  114. 
Commission  government,  74. 
Compulsory  education,  105, 110. 
Comus,  80,  81. 
Conservation,  69  to  79. 
Constitution,  138. 
Consumers'  league,  98. 
Contemporaries  of  Shakespeare, 

67. 
Continuation  schools,  104. 
Controversies,  American,  36. 
Conventionalities,  125. 
Cooking,  83,  120. 
Cooperation,  28,  94,  109,  120. 
Cooperative  housekeeping,  30. 
Copernicus,  100. 
Cost  of  living,  31. 
Costume,  32. 
Cottage  system,  96. 
Cotton,  John,  37. 
Court  houses,  55. 
Court  life  in  France,  33. 
Coventry  plays,  66. 
Crafts,  115,  118. 
Cratinus,  82. 
Creation  myths,  31. 
Criminals,  41,  73,  111. 
Critics,  40. 

Critics  of  America,  44. 
Criticism  of  literature,  41. 
Crusaders,  21,  24,  25. 
Culture,  76. 

Dairies,  86. 

Dances,  23. 

Dante,  25. 

Darwinism,  93. 

Daudet,  86. 

Day  nurseries,  74,  75. 

Debussy,  29,  90. 

Decorations,  56. 

Defectives,  72,  98,  105. 

Defenses,  American,  36. 

Deformed,  72. 

Delaware  settlements,  101. 

Delinquents,  74,  96,  105,  110 

De  Morgan,  86, 

Denton,  Daniel,  39. 

Department  store  arch.,  33. 

Dependent  children,  98. 

Dialect  studies,  24. 


INDEX 


187 


Dialogue,  80. 
Dickens,  86,  87. 
Dionysius,  80,  82. 
Disease,  73. 
Discoveries,  93. 
Discoverers,  25,  100,  101. 
District  nursing,  98. 
Dithyramb  chorus,  80. 
Domestic  science,  120  to  124. 
Dorian  comedy,  80. 
Drama  66  to  69. 
Drama  and  reforms,  68. 
Drama  and  society,  67. 
Drama  as  education,  68. 
Drama  of  16th  century,  67,  68. 
Dramatists,  American,  40. 
Dress,  32,  75,  76. 
Dumas,  86. 
Dutch  arch.,  32. 
Dutch  colonists,  28. 
Dutch  in  America,  101. 
Dutch  republic,  28. 
Dwarfs,  31. 


East  Indian  workman,  84. 

East  in  literature,  41. 

Economy,  120. 

Eddy,  Mrs.,  92. 

Education,  40,  74,  96,  110,  114. 

Education,  American,  46. 

Edwards,  Jonathan,  37. 

Efficiency,  69  to  79, 

Efficiency  methods,  28. 

Egyptian  arch.,  51. 

Electricity,  93. 

Elegiacs,  38. 

Eliot,  George,  86,  87. 

Elizabeth,  Queen,  22. 

Elizabethan  navigators,  101. 

Emerson,  24. 

Emmanuel  movement,  92. 

Employment  bureaus,    31,   75, 

98. 
Employment  for  women,  125. 
English  arch.,  33,  51. 
English  language,  24. 
English  poets,  38. 
Epicharmus,  80. 
Epic  poems,  31.       . 
Epitaphs,  38. 
Erasmus,  24. 
Eugenics,  73,  105. 
Eupjolis,  82. 
Euripides,  81. 
European  cities,  22. 
Evolution,  93. 
Evolution  of  the  home,  20. 
Experimental  schools,  104. 


Fabre,  Henri,  93. 

Factories,  30,  73. 

Factory  inspection,  110. 

Factory  system,  115. 

Fads,  76,  92,  104. 

Fairies,  31. 

Fairy  stories,  61. 

Family,  108. 

Family  budget,  31. 

Famous  building,  55. 

Farmer,  food  of,  84. 

Farmers,  70. 

Fashion,  32,  75,  76. 

Fauna,  113. 

Federal  children's  bureau,  98. 

Feeding  and  clothing  of  school 

children,  105. 
Feudalism,  24,  27,  30. 
Feudalism  in  Holland,  27. 
Feudalism  in  Japan,  101. 
Fiction,  86  to  89. 
Fielding,  86. 
Finishing  schools,  105. 
Fire,  72. 
Fish,  72. 

Fisheries  in  Holland,  27. 
Fishing  and  hunting  stage,  100, 

115. 
Flaubert,  86. 
Flora,  31,  113. 
Florence,  23,  27. 
Flowers,  31. 
Folger,  Peter,  38. 
Folklore,  31. 
Folk  tales,  61. 
Food,  75  to  85,  92,  110. 
Forestry,  29,  70. 
Forget-me-nots,  40. 
Fourteenth  century,  25. 
Franklin,  Benjamin,  39. 
Free  trade,  110. 
French  Academy,  33. 
French  arch.,  33,  51. 
French  clergy,  33. 
French  dances,  23. 
French  dramatists,  33. 
French  life,_33. 
French  music,  23. 
French  philosophers,  33. 
French  stage,  81. 
French  women,  33. 
French  in  America,  101. 
Friendly  visitors,  98. 
Fuel,  71. 

Galileo,  100. 
Galsworthy,  86. 
Game,  extinction  of,  71. 
Gammar  Gurton's  needle,  66. 


i88 


INDEX 


Garbage,  74,  94. 
Garden  cities,  29. 
Gardens,  31,  32. 
Gas,  71. 
Gaskell,  86. 
Geneva,  23. 
Genii,  31. 
Genoa,  27. 

Geographers,  25,  100,  101. 
Geography  and  architecture,  5 1 . 
Geography  of  Europe,  100. 
Geology,  113. 
Georgian  arch.,  32. 
German  arch.,  51. 
German  dances,  23. 
German  music,  23. 
German  peasants,  food  of,  84. 
German  workmen,  food  of,  84. 
Germans  in  Holland,  27. 
Ghent  and  Bruges,  23. 
Girls'  books,  61. 
Glance  ahead,  46. 
Globes,  100. 
Gnomes,  31. 
Goethe,  86. 
Gods,  31. 

Gookin,  Daniel,  37. 
Gorboduc,  67. 
Gorky,  86. 
Gothic  arch.,  51. 
Government,  64,  95. 
Government    experiment    sta- 
tions, 70. 
Government  ownership,  71. 
Governors  as  historians,  36. 
Great  Britain,  24. 
Greece,  80. 
Greek  arch.,  51. 
Greek  chorus,  81. 
Greek  comedy,  81. 
Greek  drama,  80  to  82. 
Greek  poets,  80  to  82. 
Greek  poetry,  80  to  82. 
Greek  theatre,  80. 
Greek  tragedy,  80. 
Grimm  brothers,  61. 
Groceries,  75. 
Guilds,  115. 

Habitations  of  man,  52. 

Hall  of  Fame,  American,  46,  47. 

Hammond,  John,  36. 

Handicraft,  108,  115,  116. 

Hardy,  86. 

Health,  110. 

Health  cures,  76. 

Heroes,  31. 

Hewlett,  86. 

Hideyoshi,  101. 


Higginson,  Francis,  37. 
Historians,  American,  36,  40. 
Historic  novels,  American,  25 
Historic  people,  113. 
Historic  places,  113. 
Historic  plays,  66,  67. 
Historic  trees,  70. 
Holiday  books,  61. 
Holland,  27. 
Home,  20,  31,  75. 
Home  grounds,  31. 
Home  industries,  116,  124. 
Homes,  52. 
Hooke,  William,  37. 
Hooker,  Thos.,  37. 
Hospitality,  31. 
Hospitals,  55,  74. 
House  cleaning,  120,  121. 
Household,  120  to  124. 
Household  accounts,  31. 
Household  art,  121. 
Household  decoration,  121. 
Housekeeping,  31,   S3.    120  to 

124. 
Housewives'  League,  75  to  84, 

120. 
Housing  problems,  29. 
Hughes,  Thomas,  67. 
Hugo,  86. 

Huguenots  in  America,  101. 
Human  lives,  waste  of,  72. 
Humorous  poetry,  America,  38. 
Hungarian  dances,  23. 
Hungarian  music,  23. 
Hybrids,  66. 
Hygiene,  72. 

Ibsen,  89. 
Illustration,  60,  90. 
Immigration,  44,  94,  110. 
Income  tax,  110. 
Indian  arch.,  51. 
Indian  melodramas,  40. 
Indian  music,  23. 
Indians,  38. 

Industrial  education,  96. 
Industrial  era,  ^08. 
Inaustries,  115  to  118,  124. 
Industry,  114. 
Inheritance  tax,  110. 
Inquisition  in  Holland,  28. 
Irrigation,  71. 
Insane,  care  of,  HI. 
Insects,  70. 

Institutional  work,  91. 
Institutions,  28,  74,  91. 
Interludes,  66. 
Italian  arch,,  33. 
Italian  cities,  25. 


INDEX 


189 


Italians  in  America,  27. 
Italy,  26. 

James,  Henry,  86,  89. 
James,  William,  93. 
Japan  and  feudal  barons,  101. 
Japanese  arch.,  51. 
Johnson,  Edward,  3. 
Josselyn,  John,  37. 
Journalism,  American,  39. 
Juvenile  courts,  96,  111. 
Juvenile    delinquent,   96,    110, 
111. 

Kaufmann's  globe,  100. 
Kepler,  100. 
Kindergarten,  96,  103. 
Kingsley,  Charles,  87. 
Kitchens,  30,  83,  84. 
Knapp,  Francis,  38. 
Koch,  73. 

Labor  saving  devices,  75. 
Landscape  gardening,  33. 
Language,  24. 

Latin  influence  on  English  lan- 
guage, 24. 
Laundering,  120. 
Legal  Aid  Associations,  98. 
Legends,  31,  60. 
Lenox  globe,  100. 
Libraries,  25,  55,  171  to  173. 
Library  aids,  171, 172, 173,  176. 
Library  commission,  171  to  173. 
Library  organizer,  171  to  173. 
Library,  state,  171  to  173. 
Libretto  in  English,  29. 
Limerick,  60. 
Liquor  question,  91. 
Literature,  89,  114. 
Literary  masterpieces,  87. 
Liturgy  of  the  mass,  66. 
Lodging  houses,  75. 
Loti,  86. 

Louis  XIV.  and  his  court,  33. 
Lucerne  and  Geneva,  23. 
Luther,  24. 

Machines,  115. 

Maeterlinck,  89. 

Manners,  76.      ,  - 

Manual  training,  96,  104,  116, 

117. 
Marcus  Aurelius,  24, 
Markets,  55,  75,  84. 
Maps,  100. 
Marriage,  125. 
Mason,  John,  37. 
Masque,  67. 


Mass,  66. 

Massenet,  29. 

Material  in  arch.,  51. 

Mather,  Cotton,  37. 

Mather,  Increase,  37. 

Mather,  Richard,  37. 

Medicine  and  psychology,  92. 

Medieval  empire,  24. 

Medieval  life,  24. 

Megarians,  80. 

Mental  cure,  92. 

Mercator,  100. 

Meredith,  86,  89. 

MetchnikoflF,  73. 

Mexican  arch.,  51. 

Mid-century,  40. 

Military  era,  108. 

Milk,  75. 

Milton,  38. 

Mineral  resources,  71. 

Minors,  110. 

Miracle  plays,  66,  67. 

Misery,  its  causes,  28. 

Misfortunes  of  Arthur,  67. 

Mob  mind,  109. 

Model  cottages,  29. 

Modem  drama,  67. 

Modern  novel,  86,  87. 

Modern  thought,  89. 

Mohammed,  24. 

Monopoly,  109. 

Montessori,  72,  96,  103. 

Moore,  George,  86. 

Moral  leaders,  24. 

Moral  plays,  66,  67. 

Moral  stories,  61. 

Morality  plays,  66,  67. 

Morals,  110. 

MorreU,  William.  38. 

Morton,  Nathaniel,  37. 

Motherhood,  125. 

Mozart,  29. 

Municipal  activities,  64. 

Municipal  arch.,  21,  57,  94. 

Municipal  art,  21,  94. 

Municipal  control,  94. 

Municipal  employment  bureau, 

98. 
Municipal  health,  110. 
Municipal  housekeeping,  64,  94. 
Municipal  literature,  177,  178. 
Municipal  lodging  houses,  29. 
Municipal  morals,  110. 
Municipal  ownership,  109. 
Mural  decoration,  56,  57. 
Music,  23,  76,  90. 
Music  halls,  55. 
Musical  instruments,  90. 
Museums,  55. 


IQO 


INDEX 


Mystery  plays,  66. 
Myths  and  folk-lore,  31. 
Myths  and  legends,  60. 

Naples,  26. 

Napoleon  in  Holland,  28. 

Nation,  108. 

National  music,  23. 

Nature  lovers,  40. 

Nature  myths,  31. 

Navigators,  ICK). 

Navigators  of  Holland,  27. 

Negro  music,  23. 

New  England  in  17th  century, 

37. 
New  England  primer,  37. 
New  England  writers,  38. 
New  Englanders,  37. 
New  Jersey  in  literature,  39. 
New  York  in  literature,  39. 
Newspapers,  40. 
Niebelungen  ring,  81. 
Nineteenth   century,   America, 

40. 
Nineteenth  century  arch.,  53, 

56. 
Nineteenth  century  drama,  67. 
Nineteenth  century  writers,  40. 
Nonsense  verse,  59. 
Normal  schools,  105. 
Norman  French,  24. 
Norseman,  100. 
Northern  literature,  41. 
Norton,  John,  37,  38. 
Norton  and  Sackville,  67. 
Novel,  86  to  89. 
Novel,  American,  25,  39. 
Novel  as  literature,  87. 
Novelists,  American,  40. 
Novelties,  76. 
Noyes,  Nicholas,  38. 
Nuremberg  and  Rothenberg,  23 

Oakes,  Uriah,  38. 
Old  Chester  and  Warwick,  23 
Opera,  29,  90. 
Opera  houses,  29,  55. 
Opera  singers,  29. 
Orators,  American,  1,  39,  40. 
Order  of  business,  53. 
Orders  of  architecture,  51,  52. 
Organization  of  a  club,  127 
Organized  charity,  28. 
Ornament,  121. 
Orontius  Finaens,  100. 
Orphan  asylums,  74. 
Our  native  trees,  29. 
Ourselves  as  others  see  us,  44, 
76. 


Outdoor  schools,  104. 
Outlines  of  programs,  20  to  34. 

Padua,  27. 

Painting,  76. 

Papacy,  24. 

Paper,  25. 

Paris,  33. 

Parks,  32,  70. 

Parliamentary  definitions,  129. 

Parliamentary  rules,  authori- 
ties for,  129. 

Parliamentary  rules,  object  of, 
130. 

Pasteur,  73. 

Pastoral  stage  of  race,  115. 

Paupers,  28. 

Peace  movement,  95. 

Peasant  costumes,  32. 

Peat,  71. 

Pennsylvania  in  literature,  39. 

Pequot  war,  37. 

Periodicals,  40. 

Peruvian  arch.,  51, 

Petrarch,  25. 

Petroleum,  71. 

Philanthropy,  28,  74,  75,  97, 
111. 

Philosophical  anarchy,  94. 

Philosophy,  93. 

Phrynichus,  80. 

Physical  culture,  16. 

Picture  books,  60. 

Pilgrim  fathers,  28. 

Pisa,  27. 

Plants,  32,  70,  93. 

Play,  116. 

Plays,  Revolutionary  period,  40. 

Poetry,  40,  59,  60. 

Poets,  American,  40. 

Political  literature,  39,  40. 

Porcelain,  33. 

Portuguese  navigators,  101. 

Pory,  John,  36. 

Pratinas,  80. 

Primary  schools,  103. 

Printing,  25,  36. 

Printing  in  Virginia,  36. 

Printers,  Holland,  27. 

Prisons,  98. 

Private  schools,  105. 

Probation  work.  111. 

Program  planning,  173. 

Progress,  114. 

Property,  waste  of,  72. 

Prose  writers,  American,  37, 

Protection,  110. 

Psychic  novel,  86. 

Psychology,  92. 


INDEX 


191 


Psychotherapy,  92. 

Ptolemy,  100. 

Public  baths,  56. 

Public  buildings,  33,  55,  57. 

Public  comfort  stations,  110. 

Public  galleries,  55. 

Public  lands,  72. 

Public  money,  waste,  72. 

Puritans,  38. 

Race  development,  20,  108. 

Races,  study  of,  20. 

Radium,  93. 

Rag-time,  23. 

Ralph  Roister  Doister,  66. 

Reade,  86,  87. 

Reading  to  children,  59. 

Realism,  86. 

Recent  verse,  76. 

Reclamation,  70. 

Recreation,  73,  91,  96,  110. 

References,  31. 

Reform  schools,  96,  105. 

Reformation,  25. 

Religion,  91. 

Remodeled  house,  33. 

Renaissance,  24,  51,  52,  100. 

Restoration  dramatists,  67. 

Revolutionary  period,  39. 

Richardson,  86. 

Rockefeller  Institute,  93. 

Roman  arch.,  51. 

Roman  Empire  and  Holland,  27 

Roman  Games,  25. 

Roman  life,  25. 

Romantic  novel,  86. 

Rome,  26. 

Rothenberg,  23. 

Rouen  and  Amiens,  23. 

Royal  family  of  Italy,  27. 

Russia  in  Asia,  101. 

Ruysch,  Johann,  100. 

Sabbath,  91.  * 

Saint  Francis,  24. 
Saloon  problem,  110. 
Sandys,  George,  36. 
Sanitation,  75,  83,  84. 
Saracenic  arch.,  51. 
Savonarola,  24. 

Scandinavian  influence  on  Eng- 
lish language,  24. 
School  arch.,  105. 
School  boards,  74. 
School  doctors,  72. 
School  furniture,  72. 
School  hygiene,  105. 
School  money,  105. 
School  nurses,  72,  73. 


School  systems,  36,  72, 103, 110. 

Schools  in  Virginia,  36. 

Scholarship,  American,  46. 

Science,  39,  93. 

Science,  American,  39. 

Scott,  Walter,  86. 

Sculpture,  76. 

Secondary  schools,  104. 

Sectional  literature,  41. 

Seismograph,  93. 

Servant  question,  30,  75,  121. 

Settlements,  98. 

Settlers,  101,  to  103. 

Sewerage,  74. 

Sex  questions,  105. 

Shade  tree  commissions,  70. 

Shakespeare,  24,  67. 

Shaw,  86,  90. 

Shelter,  52. 

Shepard,  Thomas,  37. 

Short  story  writers,  41. 

Shorthand,  25. 

Single  tax,  94. 

Skyscrapers,  33,  51. 

Slaughter  houses,  84. 

Slavery,  38. 

Smith,  Capt.  John,  36. 

Social  forces,  87. 

Social  forces  in  literature,  41. 

Social  laws,  109. 

Social  leaders,  47. 

Social  problems,  114. 

Society  buildings,  55. 

Society  journals,  41. 

Sociology,  94,  107. 

Socrates,  24. 

Songs,  23. 

Sophocles,  81. 

Southern  literature,  41. 

Spain  and  Holland,  27. 

Spanish  navigators,  101. 

Speech,  24. 

Saint  Peter's,  26. 

State  we  live  in,  113. 

Statesmen,  95. 

Statesmen,  American,  39. 

Stevenson,  86. 

Still,  John,  66. 

Story  telling,  59,  105. 

Strabo,  100. 

Strachey,  William,  36. 

Strauss,  Richard,  29,  90. 

Street  arch.,  33. 

Streets,  33,  57,  74. 

Styles  in  arch.,  51. 

Subjects  for  programs,  15  to  20. 

Subsidizing  opera,  29. 

Sudermann,  86,  89. 

Suffrage,  111. 


192 


INDEX 


Sunday  papers,  60. 
Susarion,  80. 
Swedenborg,  24. 
Swedes,  101. 
Syndicalism,  94. 

Talismans,  40. 

Tapestry,  33. 

Tariff,  110. 

Taxation,  110. 

Teachers,  105. 

.Technical  education,  96,  104. 

Tenement  houses,  29,  33. 

Territorial  expansion,  95. 

Theatres,  55. 

Theologians,  American,  36,  37 

Thespis,  8. 

Thompson,  Benj.,  38. 

Tokens,  40. 

Tolstoi,  24,  86. 

Tools,  116,  117. 

Toscanelli,  100. 

Towneley  plays,  66. 

Trade,  115. 

Trade  schools,  96,  104. 

Trades,  injurious,  73. 

Tragedy,  67. 

Training  of  the  hand,  115. 

Tramp,  28. 

Transcendentalists,  40. 

Transportation,  71,  84,  93,  115. 

Traveling    libraries,    171,    172, 

173. 
Trees,  29,  70. 
TroUope,  86. 
Tulips,  28. 
Turell,  Jane,  38. 

Udall,  Nicholas,  66. 

Uncle  Tom's  Cabin,  40. 

Ungraded  schools,  104. 

Unitarians,  40, 

U.  S.  Bureau  of  Forestry,  70. 

U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture,  70. 

Universities,  40,  104. 

Vatican,  26. 
Venice,  23,  26. 
Verse  writers,  American,  38. 
Village  industries,  118. 
Virginia,  36. 

Visiting  housekeeper,  30. 
Vocational  education,  96,  104, 
118. 


Wages,  125. 

Wagner,  29,  81,  90. 

Wallace,  A.  R.,  93. 

War  verses,  American,  38. 

War  songs,  American,  40. 

Ward,  Humphrey,  87. 

Warwick,  23. 

Waste,  69  to  79. 

Water  power,  71. 

Water  sheds,  113. 

Waterways,  113. 

Wealth,  109. 

Weber,  29. 

Weeds,  70. 

Weekly  fare,  84. 

Welfare  work,  28,  97. 

Western  literature,  41. 

Wharton,  Edith,  89. 

Whitaker,  Alex.,  36. 

White,  Father  Andrew,  36. 

White  list,  75. 

Wigglesworth,  Michael,  38. 

Wigglesworth,  Samuel,  38. 

Wild  flowers,  31. 

Williams,  Roger,  37. 

Winthrop,  John,  37. 

Wireless  age,  93. 

Witchcraft,  38. 

Wolcott,  Roger,  38. 

Woman  question.  111,   120  to 

127. 
Woman  and  dress,  75. 
Woman  as  housekeeper,  120  to 

124. 
Women  in  America,  47. 
Women  in  literature,  40. 
Women  in  sociology,  47. 
Women  of  France,  33. 
Women's  wages,  125. 
Women  writers,  American,  40. 
Wood,  William,  37. 
Wood  yards,  98. 
Woolen  industry,  Holland,  27. 
Woolman's  Journal,  38. 
Working  hours,  73. 
Workmen,  food  of,  84. 
Workrooms,  98. 
Writing,  25. 


York  plays,  66. 
Zola,  86. 


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